How to remove non-printable/invisible characters i

问题:

Sometimes I have evil non-printable characters in the middle of a string. These strings are user input, so I must make my program receive it well instead of try to change the source of the problem.

For example, they can have zero width no-break space in the middle of the string. For example, while parsing a .po file, one problematic part was the string "he is a man of god" in the middle of the file. While it everything seems correct, inspecting it with irb shows:

 "he is a man of god".codepoints
 => [104, 101, 32, 105, 115, 32, 97, 32, 65279, 109, 97, 110, 32, 111, 102, 32, 103, 111, 100] 

I believe that I know what a BOM is, and I even handle it nicely. However sometimes I have such characters on the middle of the file, so it is not a BOM.

My current approach is to remove all characters that I found evil in a really smelly fashion:

text = (text.codepoints - CODEPOINTS_BlACKLIST).pack("U*")

The most close I got was following this post which leaded me to :print: option on regexps. However it was no good for me:

"m".scan(/[[:print:]]/).join.codepoints
 => [65279, 109] 

so the question is: How can I remove all non-printable characters from a string in ruby?

回答1:

Ruby can help you convert from one multi-byte character set to another. Check into the these search results, plus read up on Ruby String's encode method.

Also, Ruby's Iconv is your friend.

Finally, James Grey wrote a series of articles which cover this in good detail.

One of the things you can do using those tools is to tell them to transcode to a visually similar character, or ignore them completely.

Dealing with alternate character sets is one of the most... irritating things I've ever had to do, because files can contain anything, but be marked as text. You might not expect it and then your code dies or starts throwing errors, because people are so ingenious when coming up with ways to insert alternate characters into content.

回答2:

try this:

>>"aaa\f\d\x00abcd".gsub(/[^[:print:]]/,'.')
=>"aaa.d.abcd"

回答3:

I was also having the same issue in ROR version 3.9.3, and I was using Visual Studio 2010 as my editor. Notepad++ solved my problem.

If you are using Notepad++ and the problem is in a UTF-8 file:

1. Open the file
2. In Encoding menu select "Encode in UTF-8 without BOM as shown in the screenshot

For more details Refer this