Why GetHashCode is in Object class?

问题:

Why GetHashCode is part of the Object class? Only small part of the objects of the classes are used as keys in hash tables. Wouldn't it be better to have a separate interface which must be implemented when we want objects of the class to serve as keys in hash table.

There must be a reason that MS team decided to include this method in Object class and thus make it available "everywhere".

回答1:

It was a design mistake copied from Java, IMO.

In my perfect world:

• ToString would be renamed ToDebugString to set expectations appropriately
• Equals and GetHashCode would be gone
• There would be a ReferenceEqualityComparer implementation of IEqualityComparer<T>: the equals part of this is easy at the moment, but there's no way of getting an "original" hash code if it's overridden
• Objects wouldn't have monitors associated with them: Monitor would have a constructor, and Enter/Exit etc would be instance methods.

Equality (and thus hashing) cause problems in inheritance hierarchies in general - so long as you can always specify the kind of comparison you want to use (via IEqualityComparer<T>) and objects can implement IEquatable<T> themselves if they want to, I don't see why it should be on Object. EqualityComparer<T>.Default could use the reference implementation if T didn't implement IEquatable<T> and defer to the objects otherwise. Life would be pleasant.

Ah well. While I'm at it, array covariance was another platform mistake. If you want language mistakes in C#, I can start another minor rant if you like ;) (It's still by far my favourite language, but there are things I wish had been done differently.)

I've blogged about this elsewhere, btw.

回答2:

Only small part of the objects of the classes are used as keys in hash tables

I would argue that this is not a true statement. Many classes are often used as keys in hash tables - and object references themselves are very often used. Having the default implementation of GetHashCode exist in System.Object means that ANY object can be used as a key, without restrictions.

This seems much nicer than forcing a custom interface on objects, just to be able to hash them. You never know when you may need to use an object as the key in a hashed collection.

This is especially true when using things like HashSet<T> - In this case, often, an object reference is used for tracking and uniqueness, not necessarily as a "key". Had hashing required a custom interface, many classes would become much less useful.

回答3:

It allows any object to be used as a key by "identity". This is beneficial in some cases, and harmful in none. So, why not?

回答4:

1. So anything can be keyed on. (Sorta)
2. That way HashTable can take an object vs something that implements IHashable for example.
3. To Drive simple equality comparison.

On objects that don't implement it directly it defaults to .NET's Internal Hash Code which I believe is either a unique ID for the object instance or a hash of the memory footprint it takes up. (I cannot remember and .NET Reflector can't go past the .NET component of the class).

回答5:

GetHashCode is in object so that you can use anything as a key into a Hashtable, a basic container class. It provides symmetry. I can put anything into an ArrayList, why not a Hashtable?

If you require classes to implement IHashable, then for every sealed class that doesn't implement IHashable, you will writing adapters when you want to use it as key that include the hashing capability. Instead, you get it by default.

Also Hashcodes are a good second line for object equality comparison (first line is pointer equality).

回答6:

If every class has GetHashCode you can put every object in a hash. Imagine you have a to use third party objects (which you can't modify) and want to put them into ab hash. If these objects didn't implement you fictional IHashable you couldn't do it. This is obviously a bad thing ;)

回答7:

Just a guess, but the garbage collector may store hashtables of some objects internally (perhaps to keep track of finalizable objects), which means any object needs to have a hash key.