How to remove duplicate rows with foreign keys dep

问题:

I'm sure this is common place, but Google is not helping. I am trying to write a simple stored procedure in PostgreSQL 9.1 that will remove duplicate entries from a parent cpt table. The parent table cpt is referenced by a child table lab defined as:

CREATE TABLE lab (
 recid serial NOT NULL,
 cpt_recid integer,
  ........
 CONSTRAINT cs_cpt FOREIGN KEY (cpt_recid)
   REFERENCES cpt (recid) MATCH SIMPLE
   ON UPDATE NO ACTION ON DELETE RESTRICT,
 ...
);

The biggest problem I'm having is how to obtain the record which failed so that I can use it in the EXCEPTION clause to move the children rows from lab to one acceptable key, then loop back through and delete the unnecessary records from the cpt table.

Here is the (very wrong) code:

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION h_RemoveDuplicateCPT()
  RETURNS void AS
$BODY$
BEGIN
LOOP
   BEGIN

   DELETE FROM cpt
   WHERE recid IN (
      SELECT recid
      FROM  (
         SELECT recid,
         row_number() over (partition BY cdesc ORDER BY recid) AS rnum
         FROM cpt) t
      WHERE t.rnum > 1)
   RETURNING recid;

   IF count = 0 THEN
      RETURN;
   END IF;  

   EXCEPTION WHEN foreign_key_violation THEN
      RAISE NOTICE 'fixing unique_violation';
      RAISE NOTICE 'recid is %' , recid;
   END;
END LOOP;
END;                    
$BODY$
LANGUAGE plpgsql VOLATILE;

回答1:

You can do this much more efficiently with a single SQL statement with data-modifying CTEs.

WITH plan AS (
   SELECT *
   FROM  (
      SELECT recid, min(recid) OVER (PARTITION BY cdesc) AS master_recid
      FROM   cpt
      ) sub
   WHERE  recid <> master_recid  -- ... <> self
   )
 , upd_lab AS (
   UPDATE lab l
   SET    cpt_recid = p.master_recid   -- link to master recid ...
   FROM   plan p
   WHERE  l.cpt_recid = p.recid
   )
DELETE FROM cpt c
USING  plan p
WHERE  c.recid = p.recid
RETURNING c.recid;

db<>fiddle here (pg 11)
SQL Fiddle (pg 9.6)

This should be much faster and cleaner. Looping is comparatively expensive, exception handling is comparatively even more expensive.
More importantly, references in lab are redirected to the respective master row in cpt automatically, which wasn't in your original code, yet. So you can delete all dupes at once.

You can still wrap this in a plpgsql or SQL function if you like.

Explanation

1. In the 1st CTE plan, identify a master row in each partition with the same cdesc. In your case the row with the minimum recid.

2. In the 2nd CTE upd_lab redirect all rows referencing a dupe to the master row in cpt.

3. Finally, delete dupes, which is not going to raise exceptions because depending rows are being linked to the remaining master row virtually at the same time.

ON DELETE RESTRICT

All CTEs and the main query of a statement operate on the same snapshot of underlying tables, virtually concurrently. They don't see each others' effects on underlying tables:

• Delete parent if it's not referenced by any other child

One might expect a FK constraint with ON DELETE RESTRICT to raise exceptions because, [per documentation][3]:

Referential actions other than the NO ACTION check cannot be deferred, even if the constraint is declared deferrable.

However, the above statement is a single command and, [the manual again][3]:

A constraint that is not deferrable will be checked immediately after every command.

Bold emphasis mine. Works for the less restrictive default ON DELETE NO ACTION too, of course.

But be wary of concurrent transactions writing to the same tables, but that's a general consideration, not specific to this task.

An exception applies for UNIQUE and PRIMARY KEY constraint, but that does not concern this case:

• Constraint defined DEFERRABLE INITIALLY IMMEDIATE is still DEFERRED?

回答2:

You can select all duplicates once and loop over the result with a record variable. You'll have access to whole current record. The function below may serve as an example:

create or replace function show_remove_duplicates_in_cpt ()
returns setof text language plpgsql
as $$
declare
    rec record;
begin
    for rec in
        select * from (
            select 
                recid, cdesc, 
                row_number() over (partition by cdesc order by recid) as rnum
            from cpt
            ) alias
        where rnum > 1
    loop
        return next format ('fixing foreign key for %s %s %s', rec.recid, rec.cdesc, rec.rnum);
        return next format ('deleting from cpt where recid = %s', rec.recid);
    end loop;
end $$;

select * from show_remove_duplicates_in_cpt ();