lxml.html parsing with XPath and variables

问题:

I have this HTML snippet

<div id="dw__toc">
<h3 class="toggle">Table of Contents</h3>
<div>

<ul class="toc">
<li class="level1"><div class="li"><a href="#section">#</a></div>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="level2"><div class="li"><a href="#link1">One</a></div></li>
<li class="level2"><div class="li"><a href="#link2">Two</a></div></li>
<li class="level2"><div class="li"><a href="#link3">Three</a></div></li>

Now I want to parse it with lxml.html. In the end I want a function where I can provide a searchterm (i.e. "one") and the function should return

One
#link1

For now I'm trying to get a variable in the XPath.

Works:

import lxml.html
html = lxml.html.parse("www.myurl.com/slash/something")

test=html.xpath("//ul[@class='toc']/li[@class='level2']/div[@class='li']/a/text()='One'")

print test

Trying with variable. I want to replace the hardcoded 'One' with a variable which I can return to the function later.

Doesn't work:

import lxml.html
html = lxml.html.parse("www.myurl.com/slash/something")

desiredvars = ['One']
myresultset=((var, html.xpath("//ul[@class='toc']/li[@class='level2']/div[@class='li']/a[text()='%s']"%(var))[0]) for var in desiredvars)

for each in myresultset: 
        print each

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <genexpr>
IndexError: list index out of range

This is based on this answer: https://stackoverflow.com/a/10688235/2320453 Any idea why it doesn't work? Is this the "right way" to do something like this?

EDIT: To sum things up: I want to search within the a-Tags and get the text from this Attributes, but I don't want a complete list instead I want to be able to search with a variable. Pseudo-code:

import lxml.html
html = lxml.html.parse("www.myurl.com/slash/something")

searchterm = 'one'

test=html.xpath("...a/text()=searchterm")

print test

Expected result

One
#link1

回答1:

Your first example woks, but probably not how you think it shoud:

test=html.xpath("//ul[@class='toc']/li[@class='level2']/div[@class='li']/a/text()='One'")

What this returns is a boolean, which will be true if the condition ...='One' is true for any of the nodes in the result set at the left side of the xpath expression. And that's why you get the error in your second example: True[0] is not valid.

You probalby want all nodes matching the expession, having 'One' as text. The corresponding expression would be:

test=html.xpath("//ul[@class='toc']/li[@class='level2']/div[@class='li']/a[text()='One']")

This returns a nodeset as result, or if you just need the url as a string:

test=html.xpath("//ul[@class='toc']/li[@class='level2']/div[@class='li']/a[text()='One']/@href")
# returns: ['#link1']

回答2:

I tried mata's response, but for me didn't work:

div_name = 'foo'
my_div = x.xpath(".//div[@id=%s]" %div_name)[0]

I found this on their website http://lxml.de/xpathxslt.html#the-xpath-method for those that might have the same problem :

div_name = 'foo'
my_div = x.xpath(".//div[@id=$name]", name=div_name)[0]