How to write unit test for NSNotification

问题:

I am working in swift, I want to refresh a page so I am sending it using notification, I am posting a notification in one ViewController and adding observer in another and it is working perfectly. What I want to do is add unit test to it in swift. I checked many sites but was not able to do it. I am new to swift and don't know where to start.

Basically the working is, when i click the button notification is posted and when the next view controller is loaded the notification observer is added.

How can I do the unit testing

Thanks in advance

Edit: Code

NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter().postNotificationName("notificationName", object: nil)

and adding observer as

NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter().addObserver(self, selector: "vvv:",name:"notificationName", object: nil)

回答1:

The general solution is: Use dependency injection (DI) to make your components unit-testable. You can choose use a DI framework (I don't know if there is any good framework for Swift exists yet) or use native approach (i.e. pass object around)

One possible approach for your problem is to wrap NSNotificationCenter to make it mockable/injectable.

This is just a basic idea how you can decouple dependencies. Please don't just copy & paste the code below and expect it to work without understanding it.

import Foundation

protocol NotificationCenter {
    func postNotificationName(name: String, object: AnyObject?)

    // you can make it take the arguments as NSNotificationCenter.addObserver
    func addObserver(callback: AnyObject? -> Void)
}

class MyNotificationCenter : NotificationCenter {
    var _notificationCenter: NSNotificationCenter

    init(_ center: NSNotificationCenter) {
        _notificationCenter = center
    }

    func postNotificationName(name: String, object: AnyObject?) {
        // call NSNotificationCenter.postNotificationName
    }

    func addObserver(callback: AnyObject? -> Void) {
        // call NSNotificationCenter.addObserver
    }
}

class MockNotificationCenter : NotificationCenter {
    var postedNotifications: [(String, AnyObject?)] = []
    var observers: [AnyObject? -> Void] = []

    func postNotificationName(name: String, object: AnyObject?) {
        postedNotifications.append((name, object))
    }

    func addObserver(callback: AnyObject? -> Void) {
        observers.append(callback)
    }
}

class MyView {
    var notificationCenter: NotificationCenter

    init(notificationCenter: NotificationCenter) {
        self.notificationCenter = notificationCenter
    }

    func handleAction() {
        self.notificationCenter.postNotificationName("name", object: nil)
    }
}

class MyController {
    var notificationCenter: NotificationCenter

    init(notificationCenter: NotificationCenter) {
        self.notificationCenter = notificationCenter
    }

    func viewDidLoad() {
        self.notificationCenter.addObserver {
            println($0)
        }
    }
}

---

// production code
// in AppDeletate.applicationDidFinishLaunching
let notificationCenter = MyNotificationCenter(NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter())

// pass it to your root view controller
let rootViewController = RootViewController(notificationCenter: notificationCenter)
// or
rootViewController.notificationCenter = notificationCenter

// in controller viewDidLoad
self.myView.notificationCenter = self.notificationCenter

// when you need to create controller
// pass notificationCenter to it
let controller = MyController(notificationCenter: notificationCenter)

// in unit test

func testMyView() {
    let notificationCenter = MockNotificationCenter()
    let myView = MyView(notificationCenter: notificationCenter)
    // do something with myView, assert correct notification is posted
    // by checking notificationCenter.postedNotifications
}

func testMyController() {
    let notificationCenter = MockNotificationCenter()
    let myController = MyController(notificationCenter: notificationCenter)
    // assert notificationCenter.observers is not empty
    // call it and assert correct action is performed
}

回答2:

XCTest has a class specifically for testing Notifications: XCTNSNotificationExpectation. You create one of these expectations, and it's fulfilled when a notification is received. You'd use it like:

// MyClass.swift
extension Notification.Name {
    static var MyNotification = Notification.Name("com.MyCompany.MyApp.MyNotification")
}

class MyClass {
    func sendNotification() {
        NotificationCenter.default.post(name: .MyNotification,
                                      object: self,
                                    userInfo: nil)
    }
}


// MyClassTests.swift
class MyClassTests: XCTestCase {
    let classUnderTest = MyClass()

    func testNotification() {
        let notificationExpectation = expectation(forNotification: .MyNotification, 
                                                           object: classUnderTest, 
                                                          handler: nil)

        classUnderTest.sendNotification()

        waitForExpectations(timeout: 5, handler: nil)
    }
}

XCTestCase's expectation(forNotification:object:handler:) is a convenience method to create an instance of XCTNSNotificationExpectation, but for more control, you could instantiate one and configure it yourself. See the docs.