Ninja equivalent of Make's “build from this di

问题:

When building a project using CMake and Make, you can execute make from a subdirectory of your build tree (i.e. from a directory below whatever directory contains your top-level Makefile), and make will (as far as I can tell) build all targets at or below that directory. This is because CMake generates a Makefile for every directory that contains targets, so when you're in a directory with targets, make finds the Makefile for building those targets.

When CMake generates Ninja files, however, it only generates one build.ninja file, which is at the top level of the build tree. So calling ninja from a directory other than the top-level directory fails (even the -f option doesn't work because ninja can't find the rules.ninja file).

Is there any way to emulate the "make-like" behavior of building targets at and below a directory? As far as I can tell, there are no Ninja targets that correspond to "all targets at and below a particular directory." (This could be emulated using phony targets named after each directory that depend on all targets at and below that directory, but CMake does not generate such targets by default.)

回答1:

ninja <DIR>/all works with recent versions of Ninja (1.7.2). Version 1.3.4 does not allow this.

I could not find a reference to this on the manual. However, CMake has this documented here:

Recent versions of the ninja program can build the project through the “all” target. An “install” target is also provided.

For each subdirectory sub/dir of the project, additional targets are generated:

• sub/dir/all
  Depends on all targets required by the subdirectory.
• sub/dir/install
  Runs the install step in the subdirectory, if any.
• sub/dir/test
  Runs the test step in the subdirectory, if any.
• sub/dir/package
  Runs the package step in the subdirectory, if any.

回答2:

This worked for me:

cd <build-root>
DIRECTORY=<path-relative-to-build-root>
ninja -t targets all | egrep "^${DIRECTORY}/" | egrep CXX_EXECUTABLE_LINKER | \
    sed -e 's/:.*//g' | xargs ninja

ninja -t targets all - lists all targets (including target type)

egrep "^${DIRECTORY}/" - filters list of targets to only include those in desired directory

egrep CXX_EXECUTABLE_LINKER - limits the targets to just C++ executables. You can remove or tweak this to get the set of targets you're interested in.

sed -e 's/:.*//g' - removes the target type e.g. ": CXX_EXECUTABLE_LINKER"

xargs ninja - invokes ninja to build the targets

回答3:

Good question. I would like to know the answer if you find it. I am just in the process of transitioning to cmake+ninja myself.

I found that I could not create targets with the same name at different levels (if there is a way I would be interested to know). So I adopted a naming convention for different targets E.g. name - builds program or library test.name - runs tests for the named program or library doxygen.name - build doxygen for the named program or library

For deeper hierarchies you can do something like: doxygen.subproject doxygen.subproject.name

Using this pattern you can control precisely what is built but you have to issue the command from the top-level build directory. I think after I get used to this I will find it more productive as there is no need to change directory before you build or run something and though there is sometimes a little extra typing required the shell history generally has it covered.

This is implemented under the hood by using add_custom_target() and adding appropriate dependencies. I use a macro to do this automatically so that a macro "add_doxygen()" will add the doxygen target for the program and make the doxygen target at each higher level depend on it using add_dependencies().