Simple cross-platform process to process communica

问题:

I'm working on a Mono application that will run on Linux, Mac, and Windows, and need the ability for apps (on a single os) to send simple string messages to each other.

Specifically, I want a Single Instance Application. If a second instance is attempted to be started, it will instead send a message to the single instance already running.

DBus is out, as I don't want to have that be an additional requirement. Socket communication seems to be hard, as windows seems to not allow permission to connect. Memory Mapped Files seems not to be supported in Mono. Named Pipes appears not to be supported in Mono. IPC seems not to be supported on Mono.

So, is there a simple method to send string messages on a single machine to a server app that works on each os, without requiring permissions, or additional dependencies?

回答1:

I wrote about this on the mono-dev mailing list. Several general-purpose inter-process messaging systems were considered, including DBus, System.Threading.Mutex class, WCF, Remoting, Named Pipes... The conclusions were basically mono doesn't support Mutex class (works for inter-thread, not for inter-process) and there's nothing platform agnostic available.

I have only been able to imagine three possible solutions. All have their drawbacks. Maybe there's a better solution available, or maybe just better solutions for specific purposes, or maybe there exist some cross-platform 3rd party libraries you could include in your app (I don't know.) But these are the best solutions I've been able to find so far:

• Open or create a file in a known location, with exclusive lock. (FileShare.None). Each application tries to open the file, do its work, and close the file. If failing to open, Thread.Sleep(1) and try again. This is kind of ghetto, but it works cross-platform to provide inter-process mutex.
• Sockets. First application listens on localhost, some high numbered port. Second application attempts to listen on that port, fails to open (because some other process already has it) so second process sends a message to the first process, which is already listening on that port.
• If you have access to a transactional database, or message passing system (sqs, rabbitmq, etc) use it.
• Of course, you could detect which platform you're on, and then use whatever works on that platform.

回答2:

On my ubuntu (10.10 mono version: 2.6.7) I've tried using WCF for interprocess communication with BasicHttpBinding, NetTcpBinding and NetNamedPipeBinding. First 2 worked fine, for NetNamedPipeBinding I got an error:

Channel type IDuplexSessionChannel is not supported

when calling ChannelFactory.CreateChannel() method.

I've also tried using Remoting (which is a legacy technology since WCF came out) with IpcChannel; example from this msdn page started and worked without problems on my machine.

I suppose you shouldn't have problems using WCF or Remoting on Windows either, not sure about Mac though, don't have any of those around to test. Let me know if you need any code examples.

hope this helps, regards

回答3:

Solved my problem with two techniques: a named mutex (so that the app can be run on the same machine by different users), and a watcher on a message file. The file is opened and written to for communication. Here is a basic solution, written in IronPython 2.6:

(mutex, locked) = System.Threading.Mutex(True, "MyApp/%s" % System.Environment.UserName, None)
if locked:
    watcher = System.IO.FileSystemWatcher()
    watcher.Path = path_to_user_dir
    watcher.Filter = "messages"
    watcher.NotifyFilter = System.IO.NotifyFilters.LastWrite
    watcher.Changed += handleMessages
    watcher.EnableRaisingEvents = True
else:
    messages = os.path.join(path_to_user_dir, "messages")
    fp = file(messages, "a")
    fp.write(command)
    fp.close()
    sys.exit(0)

回答4:

For your simple reason for needing IPC, I'd look for another solution.

This code is confirmed to work on Linux and Windows. Should work on Mac as well:

    public static IList Processes()
    {
        IList<Process> processes = new List<Process>();
        foreach (System.Diagnostics.Process process in System.Diagnostics.Process.GetProcesses())
        {
            Process p = new Process();
            p.Pid = process.Id;
            p.Name = process.ProcessName;

            processes.Add(p);
        }
        return processes;
    }

Just iterate through the list and look for your own ProcessName.

To send a message to your application, just use MyProcess.StandardInput to write to the applications standard input. This only works assuming your application is a GUI application though.

If you have problems with that, then you could maybe use a specialized "lock" file. Using the FileSystemWatcher class you can check when it changes. This way the second instance could write a message in the file and then the first instance notice that it changes and can read in the contents of the file to get a message.