how to save/read class wholly in Python

问题:

som = SOM_CLASS() # includes many big difficult data structures
som.hard_work()
som.save_to_disk(filename)
#then later or another program
som = SOM_CLASS()
som.read_from_file(filename)
som.do_anythink_else()

or

som = SOM_CLASS()
save(som)
#...
load(som)
som.work()

what is easiest way to do this?

回答1:

You can (de)serialize with pickle. It is backward-compatible, i.e. it will support all old protocols in future versions.

import pickle

som = SOM_CLASS()
fileObject = <any file-like object>
pickle.dump(som, fileObject)
#...
som = pickle.load(fileObject)
som.work()

But mind that if you transfer pickled objects to another computer, make sure the connection cannot be tampered with as pickle might be unsecure (this is an article that every pickle user should know).

Another alternative is the older module marshal.

回答2:

Take a look at Python's pickle library.

回答3:

I use this code:

import cPickle
import traceback

class someClass():
    def __init__(self):
        #set name from variable name. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1690400/getting-an-instance-name-inside-class-init
        (filename,line_number,function_name,text)=traceback.extract_stack()[-2]
        def_name = text[:text.find('=')].strip()
        self.name = def_name

        try:
            self.load()
        except:
            ##############
            #to demonstrate
            self.someAttribute = 'bla'
            self.someAttribute2 = ['more']
            ##############

            self.save()

    def save(self):
        """save class as self.name.txt"""
        file = open(self.name+'.txt','w')
        file.write(cPickle.dumps(self.__dict__))
        file.close()

    def load(self):
        """try load self.name.txt"""
        file = open(self.name+'.txt','r')
        dataPickle = file.read()
        file.close()

        self.__dict__ = cPickle.loads(dataPickle)

This code saves and loads the class from its actual class instance name. Code is from my blog http://www.schurpf.com/python-save-a-class/.