Should I use IIFE or window onload to initialize?

问题:

Both of the following code snippets worked:

Using IIFE in js file:

(function initialize() {
  txtInput = document.getElementById('txtInput');
  txtResult = document.getElementById('txtResult');

  txtInput.value = "0";
  txtResult.value = "0";

}());

Calling initialize() on window load event in html file:

window.addEventListener('load', initialize, false);

Is one a better approach than other; in terms of performance or otherwise? As it stands right now, I am leaning more towards adding event listener to the window object, because it is more readable.

回答1:

It depends when you want the code to run. If you want the code to execute ASAP you can use an IIFE but there is really no point using an IIFE if you don't use it to protect your variables and/or not polluting the global scope.

(function initialize() {
    // do somthing
}());

or

// do somthing

will execute at the same point in time.

If you want to defer execution there are three points in time usually used by web devs. <script>s at bottom, DOMContentLoad and window.onload.

• <script>s at bottom will execute after they are fetched from the server.
• DOMContentLoaded basicly execute as soon as </html> has been read by the HTML parser.
• very simplified window.onload executes after all CSS, <img>es and <script>s have been loaded.

Note that in reality, with attributes like async and defer on <script>s, this is more complex, . This is why there is a mountain of resource loaders available.

回答2:

Probably the result of each approach matters, not the performance. The first approach runs immediately while the second one waits until dom is ready. The end result is that in your first approach, you may end up getting undefined for both textInput and textResult, unless you place the script on the bottom of page.

回答3:

The IIFE in a script element (whether inline or external loaded) just before the closing body element certainly appears most clever. It confuses the hell out of commoners.

document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() ... is easy to understand. It's almost plain English: event listens for DOM content loaded. So, poof, the majesty is gone. Note this is distinct from window onload.

I use the event listener, as it adheres to the KISS principle, it's a purpose built tool, and it does what it says it does (which probably includes stuff/functionality I haven't even considered).