C++ std::transform vector of pairs->first to new v

问题:

Sorry for a little bit beginner question. There are vector and vector of pairs

typedef std::vector <int> TItems;
typedef std::vector < std::pair <int, int> > TPairs;

Is there any way to transform all first items in pair to another vector in one step

int main ()
{
TItems items;
TPairs pairs;

pairs.push_back (std::make_pair(1,3));
pairs.push_back (std::make_pair(5,7));

std::transform( items.begin(), items.end(), items.begin(), comp ( &pairs ) );

return 0;
}

How to design a functor?

class comp
{
private:
     TPairs *pairs;

public:
    comp ( TPairs  *pairs_ ) : pairs ( pairs_) { }

    unsigned int operator () ( const unsigned int index ) const
    {
        return  (*pairs)[index].second != pairs->end();  //Bad idea
    }
};

Maybe there is some more user friendly method without lambda expressions and loops. Thanks for your help.

回答1:

I really want you to use std::get as the functor, because it's already provided as a library function!!

Wouldn't it be great if we could write this line!?

std::transform(pairs.begin(), pairs.end(), std::back_inserter(items), std::get<0>);

... But it's a bit more terrible than that. You need to disambiguate which get to use:

int main() {
  std::vector<int> items;
  std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> pairs;

  pairs.push_back(std::make_pair(1, 3));
  pairs.push_back(std::make_pair(5, 7));

  std::transform(pairs.begin(), pairs.end(), std::back_inserter(items),
                 (const int& (*)(const std::pair<int, int>&))std::get<0>);

  return 0;
}

The problem is, std::get is overloaded to take 1. pair&, 2. const pair&, and 3. pair&& as the parameters, so that it will work for any sort of pair as input. Unfortunately, the overloads get in the way of the template type deduction for std::transform, so our original line

std::transform(pairs.begin(), pairs.end(), std::back_inserter(items), std::get<0>);

yields

 error: no matching function for call to ‘transform(std::vector<std::pair<int, int> >::iterator, std::vector<std::pair<int, int> >::iterator, std::back_insert_iterator<std::vector<int> >, <unresolved overloaded function type>)’
   std::transform(pairs.begin(), pairs.end(), std::back_inserter(items), std::get<0>);
                                                                                    ^
...

/usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/stl_algo.h:4915:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
 note:   couldn't deduce template parameter ‘_UnaryOperation’
   std::transform(pairs.begin(), pairs.end(), std::back_inserter(items), std::get<0>);

It doesn't know which overload of std::get you are asking for when deducing the template for std::transform, so you have to specify it manually. Casting the function pointer to the right type tells the compiler, "Hey, please use the overload where get takes a const& and returns a const&!"

But at least we're using standard library components (yay)?

And in terms of number of lines, it's no worse than the other options: http://ideone.com/6dfzxz

回答2:

First of all, you should use a back_inserter as the third argument to transform so that the transformed values are pushed to the back of the vector.

Second, you need some sort of functor which takes a pair of ints and returns the first one. This should do:

int firstElement( const std::pair<int, int> &p ) {
    return p.first;
}

Now, to put the pieces together:

TPairs pairs;
pairs.push_back( std::make_pair( 1, 3 ) );
pairs.push_back( std::make_pair( 5, 7 ) );

TItems items;
std::transform( pairs.begin(), pairs.end(), std::back_inserter( items ),
                firstElement );

After this code, items contains 1 and 5.

回答3:

see frerich's or kotlinski's answer for C++03.

C++11 solution with lambda:

std::transform(pairs.begin(), 
               pairs.end(), 
               std::back_inserter(items), 
               [](const std::pair<int, int>& p) { return p.first; });

回答4:

How about this?

items.reserve(pairs.size());
for (size_t it = 0; it < pairs.size(); ++it) {
    items.push_back(pairs[it].first);
}

Simple to understand and debug.

回答5:

How about using std::bind?

std::transform(pairs.begin(), 
               pairs.end(), 
               std::back_inserter(items), 
               std::bind(&TPairs::value_type::first, std::placeholders::_1));

(Replace std::bind by boost::bind for non-C++11 code)

回答6:

another possibility from C++11 would be std::mem_fn, which is similar to solution with std::bind:

std::transform(pairs.begin(), 
               pairs.end(), 
               std::back_inserter(items), 
               std::mem_fn(&std::pair<int,int>::first)               
);