Split access.log file by dates using command line

问题:

I have a Apache access.log file, which is around 35GB in size. Grepping through it is not an option any more, without waiting a great deal.

I wanted to split it in many small files, by using date as splitting criteria.

Date is in format [15/Oct/2011:12:02:02 +0000]. Any idea how could I do it using only bash scripting, standard text manipulation programs (grep, awk, sed, and likes), piping and redirection?

Input file name is access.log. I'd like output files to have format such as access.apache.15_Oct_2011.log (that would do the trick, although not nice when sorting.)

回答1:

One way using awk:

awk 'BEGIN {
    split("Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec ", months, " ")
    for (a = 1; a <= 12; a++)
        m[months[a]] = a
}
{
    split($4,array,"[:/]");
    year = array[3]
    month = sprintf("%02d", m[array[2]])

    print > FILENAME"-"year"_"month".txt"
}' incendiary.ws-2009

This will output files like:

incendiary.ws-2010-2010_04.txt
incendiary.ws-2010-2010_05.txt
incendiary.ws-2010-2010_06.txt
incendiary.ws-2010-2010_07.txt

Against a 150 MB log file, the answer by chepner took 70 seconds on an 3.4 GHz 8 Core Xeon E31270, while this method took 5 seconds.

Original inspiration: "How to split existing apache logfile by month?"

回答2:

Pure bash, making one pass through the access log:

while read; do
    [[ $REPLY =~ \[(..)/(...)/(....): ]]

    d=${BASH_REMATCH[1]}
    m=${BASH_REMATCH[2]}
    y=${BASH_REMATCH[3]}

    #printf -v fname "access.apache.%s_%s_%s.log" ${BASH_REMATCH[@]:1:3}
    printf -v fname "access.apache.%s_%s_%s.log" $y $m $d

    echo "$REPLY" >> $fname
done < access.log

回答3:

Perl came to the rescue:

cat access.log | perl -n -e'm@\[(\d{1,2})/(\w{3})/(\d{4}):@; open(LOG, ">>access.apache.$3_$2_$1.log"); print LOG $_;'

Well, it's not exactly "standard" manipulation program, but it's made for text manipulation nevertheless.

I've also changed order of arguments in file name, so that files are named like access.apache.yyyy_mon_dd.log for easier sorting.

回答4:

Here is an awk version that outputs lexically sortable log files.

Some efficiency enhancements: all done in one pass, only generate fname when it is not the same as before, close fname when switching to a new file (otherwise you might run out of file descriptors).

awk -F"[]/:[]" '
BEGIN {
  m2n["Jan"] =  1;  m2n["Feb"] =  2; m2n["Mar"] =  3; m2n["Apr"] =  4;
  m2n["May"] =  5;  m2n["Jun"] =  6; m2n["Jul"] =  7; m2n["Aug"] =  8;
  m2n["Sep"] =  9;  m2n["Oct"] = 10; m2n["Nov"] = 11; m2n["Dec"] = 12;
}
{
  if($4 != pyear || $3 != pmonth || $2 != pday) {
    pyear  = $4
    pmonth = $3
    pday   = $2

    if(fname != "")
      close(fname)

    fname  = sprintf("access_%04d_%02d_%02d.log", $4, m2n[$3], $2)
  }
  print > fname
}' access-log

回答5:

Kind of ugly, that's bash for you:

    for year in 2010 2011 2012; do
       for month in jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec; do
           for day in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ... 31 ; do
               cat access.log | grep -i $day/$month/$year > $day-$month-$year.log
            done
        done
     done

回答6:

I combined Theodore's and Thor's solutions to use Thor's efficiency improvement and daily files, but retain the original support for IPv6 addresses in combined format file.

awk '
BEGIN {
  m2n["Jan"] =  1;  m2n["Feb"] =  2; m2n["Mar"] =  3; m2n["Apr"] =  4;
  m2n["May"] =  5;  m2n["Jun"] =  6; m2n["Jul"] =  7; m2n["Aug"] =  8;
  m2n["Sep"] =  9;  m2n["Oct"] = 10; m2n["Nov"] = 11; m2n["Dec"] = 12;
}
{
  split($4, a, "[]/:[]")
  if(a[4] != pyear || a[3] != pmonth || a[2] != pday) {
    pyear  = a[4]
    pmonth = a[3]
    pday   = a[2]

    if(fname != "")
      close(fname)

    fname  = sprintf("access_%04d-%02d-%02d.log", a[4], m2n[a[3]], a[2])
  }
  print >> fname
}'

回答7:

I made a slight improvement to Theodore's answer so I could see progress when processing a very large log file.

#!/usr/bin/awk -f

BEGIN {
    split("Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec ", months, " ")
    for (a = 1; a <= 12; a++)
        m[months[a]] = a
}
{
    split($4, array, "[:/]")
    year = array[3]
    month = sprintf("%02d", m[array[2]])

    current = year "-" month
    if (last != current)
        print current
    last = current

    print >> FILENAME "-" year "-" month ".txt"
}

Also I found that I needed to use gawk (brew install gawk if you don't have it) for this to work on Mac OS X.