Qt/QML : Send QImage From C++ to QML and Display T

问题:

I created a class Publisher which periodically emits a QImage object.

However I'm having a tough time drawing the QImage to a QML element. It appears that the Image and Canvas QML components require a QUrl instead of a QImage, but I'm not sure how to convert my QImage to a QUrl. Edit4: When I say QUrl, I don't mean I'm trying to convert an image to a URL. That's nonsense. I mean I want to generate a reference to this image, which is not on disk, and the data type that QML components are asking for is a URL.

I've done some research and found that QQuickImageProvider provides a solution, but I haven't found any documentation explaining how to convert my QImage signal to a QUrl that I can use for drawing. Any example code or reference documentation would be appreciated.

Thanks for your help!

Edit1:

I've taken a look here: http://qt-project.org/doc/qt-5.0/qtquick/qquickimageprovider.html and I do not see how I pass a QImage to the quick image provider and from it create a QUrl.

Edit2. Here is the header. The implementation should not be important.

class Publisher
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    Publisher(QObject* parent = 0);

    virtual ~Publisher(void);

Q_SIGNALS:

    void newImage(const QImage& newImage);
};

Edit 3. Here is my QML code, but I don't know how to draw my QImage, so this code is kind of meaningless.

my main.cpp file:

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QGuiApplication app(argc, argv);

    qmlRegisterType<Publisher>("Components", 1, 0, "Publisher");

    QtQuick2ApplicationViewer viewer;
    viewer.setMainQmlFile(QStringLiteral("qml/QQuickViewExample/main.qml"));
    viewer.showExpanded();

    return app.exec();
}

my main.qml file:

import QtQuick 2.0
import Components 1.0

Rectangle {
    id : testRect
    width: 360
    height: 360

    Image{
        anchors.fill: parent
        id: myImage

        Publisher {
            id: myPub

            onNewImage: {
                myImage.source = newImage;  #I know this doesnt work, it needs a QUrl and not a QImage
            }
        }
    }
}

回答1:

In other words, you have a class emitting a signal carrying a QImage and want to update an item in QML with that image? There are various solutions, none of which involves "converting a QImage to a QUrl" (whatever that means, surely you don't need to get a data URL carrying your image data...)

Use an image provider

This means you can use a plain Image item in your QML files.

1. Create a QQuickImageProvider subclass; give it a QImage member (the image to provider), override requestImage to provide that image (the actual id requested does not really matter, see below), and a slot that receives a QImage and updates the member.
2. Connect your Publisher signal to your provider's slot
3. Install the provider into the QML engine via QQmlEngine::addImageProvider (see QQuickView::engine); again the id does not really matter, just use a sensible one

4. In QML, just use a plain Image element with a source like this

   Image {
       id: myImage
       source: "image://providerIdPassedToAddImageProvider/foobar"
   }
   

   foobar will be passed to your provider, but again, it doesn't really matter.

5. We're almost there, we now only need a way to push the image updates to the QML world (otherwise Image will never know when to update itself). See my answer here for how to do that with a Connections element and a bit of JS.

   Note that in general you don't need to make Publisher a QML type, you just need to create one instance in C++ and expose it to the QML world via QQmlContext::setContextProperty.

Use a custom Qt Quick 2 Item

QQuickPaintedItem is probably the most convenient for the job as it offers a paint method taking a QPainter. Hence the big plan is

1. Subclass QQuickPaintedItem: the subclass stores the QImage to be painted and has a slot that sets the new QImage. Also its paint implementation simply paints the image using QPainter::drawImage.
2. Expose the subclass to the QML world via qmlRegisterType (so that you can use it in QML)

3. Figure out a way to connect the signal carrying the new image to the items' slot.

   This might be the tricky part.

   To perform the connection in C++ you need a way to figure out that the item has been created (and get a pointer to it); usually one does this by means of assigning the objectName property to some value, then using findChild on the root object (as returned by QQuickView::rootObject()) to get a pointer to the item itself. Then you can use connect as usual.

   Or, could instead perform the connection in QML, just like above, via a Connections element on the publisher C++ object exposed to the QML world:

   MyItem {
       id: myItem
   }        
   
   Connections {
       target: thePublisherObjectExposedFromC++
       onNewImage: myItem.setImage(image)
   }
   

   This has the advantage of working no matter when you create the MyItem instance; but I'm not 100% sure it will work because I'm not sure you can handle the QImage type in QML.

回答2:

When I've had image-producing C++ classes I've wanted to embed in QML, I've always done it by making the C++ class a subclass of QDeclarativeItem (there'll be a new QtQuick 2.0 equivalent of course), overriding the paint method with the appropriate drawing code, which maybe as simple as

void MyItem::paint(QPainter* painter,const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem*,QWidget*) {
  painter->drawImage(QPointF(0.0f,0.0f),_image);
}

if you have a QImage of the right size already... and Job Done. For animation, just ping update() when there's something new to draw.