Django uploads: Discard uploaded duplicates, use e

问题:

I have a model with a FileField, which holds user uploaded files. Since I want to save space, I would like to avoid duplicates.

What I'd like to achieve:

1. Calculate the uploaded files md5 checksum
2. Store the file with the file name based on its md5sum
3. If a file with that name is already there (the new file's a duplicate), discard the uploaded file and use the existing file instead

1 and 2 is already working, but how would I forget about an uploaded duplicate and use the existing file instead?

Note that I'd like to keep the existing file and not overwrite it (mainly to keep the modified time the same - better for backup).

Notes:

• I'm using Django 1.5
• The upload handler is django.core.files.uploadhandler.TemporaryFileUploadHandler

Code:

def media_file_name(instance, filename):
    h = instance.md5sum
    basename, ext = os.path.splitext(filename)
    return os.path.join('mediafiles', h[0:1], h[1:2], h + ext.lower())

class Media(models.Model):
    orig_file = models.FileField(upload_to=media_file_name)
    md5sum = models.CharField(max_length=36)
    ...

    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
            if not self.pk:  # file is new
                md5 = hashlib.md5()
                for chunk in self.orig_file.chunks():
                    md5.update(chunk)
                self.md5sum = md5.hexdigest()
            super(Media, self).save(*args, **kwargs)

Any help is appreciated!

回答1:

Thanks to alTus answer, I was able to figure out that writing a custom storage class is the key, and it was easier than expected.

• I just omit calling the superclasses _save method to write the file if it is already there and I just return the name.
• I overwrite get_available_name, to avoid getting numbers appended to the file name if a file with the same name is already existing

I don't know if this is the proper way of doing it, but it works fine so far.

Hope this is useful!

Here's the complete sample code:

import hashlib
import os

from django.core.files.storage import FileSystemStorage
from django.db import models

class MediaFileSystemStorage(FileSystemStorage):
    def get_available_name(self, name, max_length=None):
        if max_length and len(name) > max_length:
            raise(Exception("name's length is greater than max_length"))
        return name

    def _save(self, name, content):
        if self.exists(name):
            # if the file exists, do not call the superclasses _save method
            return name
        # if the file is new, DO call it
        return super(MediaFileSystemStorage, self)._save(name, content)


def media_file_name(instance, filename):
    h = instance.md5sum
    basename, ext = os.path.splitext(filename)
    return os.path.join('mediafiles', h[0:1], h[1:2], h + ext.lower())


class Media(models.Model):
    # use the custom storage class fo the FileField
    orig_file = models.FileField(
        upload_to=media_file_name, storage=MediaFileSystemStorage())
    md5sum = models.CharField(max_length=36)
    # ...

    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
        if not self.pk:  # file is new
            md5 = hashlib.md5()
            for chunk in self.orig_file.chunks():
                md5.update(chunk)
            self.md5sum = md5.hexdigest()
        super(Media, self).save(*args, **kwargs)

回答2:

AFAIK you can't easily implement this using save/delete methods coz files are handled quite specifically.

But you could try smth like that.

First, my simple md5 file hash function:

def md5_for_file(chunks):
    md5 = hashlib.md5()
    for data in chunks:
        md5.update(data)
    return md5.hexdigest()

Next simple_upload_to is is smth like yours media_file_name function. You should use it like that:

def simple_upload_to(field_name, path='files'):
    def upload_to(instance, filename):
        name = md5_for_file(getattr(instance, field_name).chunks())
        dot_pos = filename.rfind('.')
        ext = filename[dot_pos:][:10].lower() if dot_pos > -1 else '.unknown'
        name += ext
        return os.path.join(path, name[:2], name)
    return upload_to

class Media(models.Model):
    # see info about storage below
    orig_file = models.FileField(upload_to=simple_upload_to('orig_file'), storage=MyCustomStorage())

Of course, it's just an example so path generation logic could be various.

And the most important part:

from django.core.files.storage import FileSystemStorage

class MyCustomStorage(FileSystemStorage):
    def get_available_name(self, name):
        return name

    def _save(self, name, content):
        if self.exists(name):
            self.delete(name)
        return super(MyCustomStorage, self)._save(name, content)

As you can see this custom storage deletes file before saving and then saves new one with the same name. So here you can implement your logic if NOT deleting (and thus updating) files is important.

More about storages ou can find here: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.5/ref/files/storage/

回答3:

I had the same issue and found this SO question. As this is nothing too uncommon I searched the web and found the following Python package which seams to do exactly what you want:

https://pypi.python.org/pypi/django-hashedfilenamestorage

If SHA1 hashes are out of question I think a pull request to add MD5 hashing support would be a great idea.

回答4:

This answer helped me solve the problem where I wanted to raise an exception if the file being uploaded already existed. This version raises an exception if a file with the same name already exists in the upload location.

from django.core.files.storage import FileSystemStorage

class FailOnDuplicateFileSystemStorage(FileSystemStorage):
    def get_available_name(self, name):
        return name

    def _save(self, name, content):
        if self.exists(name):
            raise ValidationError('File already exists: %s' % name)

        return super(
            FailOnDuplicateFileSystemStorage, self)._save(name, content)