git rebase onto remote updates

问题:

I work with a small team that uses git for source code management. Recently, we have been doing topic branches to keep track of features then merging them into master locally then pushing them to a central git repository on a remote server. This works great when no changes have been made in master: I create my topic branch, commit it, merge it into master, then push. Hooray.

However, if someone has pushed to origin before I do, my commits are not fast-forward. Thus a merge commit ensues. This also happens when a topic branch needs to merge with master locally to ensure my changes work with the code as of now. So, we end up with merge commits everywhere and a git log rivaling a friendship bracelet.

So, rebasing is the obvious choice. What I would like is to:

• create topic branches holding several commits
• checkout master and pull (fast-forward because i haven't committed to master)
• rebase topic branches onto the new head of master
• rebase topics against master(so the topics start at masters head), bringing master up to my topic head

My way of doing this currently is listed below:

git checkout master
git rebase master topic_1
git rebase topic_1 topic_2
git checkout master
git rebase topic_2
git branch -d topic_1 topic_2

Is there a faster way to do this?

回答1:

Do you know about git pull --rebase? It rebases rather than merging when you pull, and prevents merge commits from polluting your history.

You can also set it up as the default behaviour for a branch with the branch.<name>.rebase and branch.autosetuprebase config options.

回答2:

I have found, over time, my favorite solution is:

git checkout topic
# make [n] commits
git rebase -i HEAD~[n] #clean up time
git checkout master
git pull --rebase
git checkout topic
git rebase master
git checkout master
git merge topic
git push origin

回答3:

For our team we set something up which works very well and does not use rebase at all.

We cut our work in Jira tickets which do not take too long, typically 1-2 days effort. Each dev creates a branch per ticket and works on this branch. When ready to share this is pushed to the central server.

The central server is monitored by a hudson CI server which pulls the changes, merges all updated branches, rebuilds the software, runs the tests and pushes everything to the central master git repository.

From there we pull it back to our repositories. We do regularly (i.e. every couple of days) merge our working branches with the central master to keep them 'close'.

Since nobody is working on the 'merging' machine and nobody other than the CI server touches the master, we have very infrequently merging issues (in about 1-2% of the commits). And these are quickly resolved on the build server by cleaning the workspace. We found we could have avoided most of these by keeping the branches short and merging with the remote master before pushing.

I also fond that merging is much more robust than rebasing and requires a lot less of rework.

回答4:

You can also just rebase against the up-to-date master

git checkout topic_1
git rebase refs/remotes/origin/master

Which obviates the need for the pull (at least until the EOL of your feature branch). Our process uses GitHub pull requests so I never need to do that locally.