cat, grep and cut - translated to python

问题:

maybe there are enough questions and/or solutions for this, but I just can't help myself with this one question: I've got the following command I'm using in a bash-script:

var=$(cat "$filename" | grep "something" | cut -d'"' -f2)    

Now, because of some issues I have to translate all the code to python. I never used python before and I have absolutely no idea how I can do what the postet commands do. Any ideas how to solve that with python?

回答1:

You need to have better understanding of the python language and its standard library to translate the expression

cat "$filename": Reads the file cat "$filename" and dumps the content to stdout

|: pipe redirects the stdout from previous command and feeds it to the stdin of the next command

grep "something": Searches the regular expressionsomething plain text data file (if specified) or in the stdin and returns the matching lines.

cut -d'"' -f2: Splits the string with the specific delimiter and indexes/splices particular fields from the resultant list

Python Equivalent

cat "$filename"  | with open("$filename",'r') as fin:        | Read the file Sequentially
                 |     for line in fin:                      |   
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
grep 'something' | import re                                 | The python version returns
                 | line = re.findall(r'something', line)[0]  | a list of matches. We are only
                 |                                           | interested in the zero group
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cut -d'"' -f2    | line = line.split('"')[1]                 | Splits the string and selects
                 |                                           | the second field (which is
                 |                                           | index 1 in python)

Combining

import re
with open("filename") as origin_file:
    for line in origin_file:
        line = re.findall(r'something', line)
        if line:
           line = line[0].split('"')[1]
        print line

回答2:

In Python, without external dependencies, it is something like this (untested):

with open("filename") as origin:
    for line in origin:
        if not "something" in line:
           continue
        try:
            print line.split('"')[1]
        except IndexError:
            print

回答3:

you need to use os.system module to execute shell command

import os
os.system('command')

if you want to save the output for later use, you need to use subprocess module

import subprocess
child = subprocess.Popen('command',stdout=subprocess.PIPE,shell=True)
output = child.communicate()[0]

回答4:

For Translating the command to python refer below:-

1)Alternative of cat command is open refer this. Below is the sample

>>> f = open('workfile', 'r')
>>> print f

2)Alternative of grep command refer this

3)Alternative of Cut command refer this

回答5:

You need a loop over the lines of a file, you need to learn about string methods

with open(filename,'r') as f:
    for line in f.readlines():
        # python can do regexes, but this is for s fixed string only
        if "something" in line:
            idx1 = line.find('"')
            idx2 = line.find('"', idx1+1)
            field = line[idx1+1:idx2-1]
            print(field)

and you need a method to pass the filename to your python program and while you are at it, maybe also the string to search for...

For the future, try to ask more focused questions if you can,