Configure specific in memory database for testing

问题:

How do I configure my Spring Boot application so that when I run unit tests it will use in-memory database such as H2/HSQL but when I run Spring Boot application it will use production database [Postgre/MySQL] ?

回答1:

Spring profiles can be used for this. This would be a specific way:

Have environment specific properties files:

application.properties:

spring.profiles.active: dev

application-dev.properties

spring.jpa.database: MYSQL
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto: update

spring.datasource.url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dbname
spring.datasource.username: username
spring.datasource.password: password

application-test.properties

spring.jpa.database: HSQL

Have both MySQL and H2 drivers in pom.xml, like this:

<dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    <scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.hsqldb</groupId>
    <artifactId>hsqldb</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

Last but not the least, annotate Test classes with @ActiveProfiles("test").

回答2:

Another approach is to add the annotation @AutoConfigureTestDatabase to you test class. My tests usually look like this:

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@DataJpaTest
@AutoConfigureTestDatabase(connection = EmbeddedDatabaseConnection.H2)
public class MyRepositoryTest {

    @Autowired
    MyRepository repository;

    @Test
    public void test() throws Exception {
        // Tests...
    }
}

回答3:

@Sanjay has one way to put it but I find it confusing. You could just as well have only a production profile that you enable when you're in production, something like:

spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto: update
spring.datasource.url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dbname
spring.datasource.username: username
spring.datasource.password: password

And don't specify anything else. If you add an embedded database in test scope, it will be available in your tests. If you run your tests with the default profile (no customization whatsoever), it won't find any database information (since these are stored in the production profile). In that case, it will try to find an embedded database and start it for you. If you need more customization for some reason, you can have a application-test.properties for those (you'll need to add ActiveProfiles("test") to your test(s).

回答4:

Simple solution if building with maven: just place an application.properties file under src/test/resources and edit as appropriate for testing.

The Spring (Boot) Profile mechanism is a pretty powerful tool that, in scope, goes way beyond "swapping settings between test time and run time". Although, clearly, as demonstrated, it can do that also :)

回答5:

Simplest solution:

1) in src/main/resources have application.properties (production config):

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/somedb
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=password
spring.datasource.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.jpa.database-platform = org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect

and application-test.properties with HSQL config like:

spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto = create-drop
spring.jpa.database = HSQL
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect = org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect
spring.datasource.driverClassName = org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver
spring.datasource.url= jdbc:hsqldb:mem:scratchdb
spring.datasource.username = sa
spring.datasource.password =

2) Add HSQL dependency in pom.xml if you don't have it already.

3) Annotate your test class with @ActiveProfiles("test").

Worked like charm in my case.