Given a class, see if instance has method (Ruby)

问题:

I know in Ruby that I can use respond_to? to check if an object has a certain method.

But, given the class, how can I check if the instance has a certain method?

i.e, something like

Foo.new.respond_to?(:bar)

But I feel like there's gotta be a better way than instantiating a new instance.

回答1:

I don't know why everyone is suggesting you should be using instance_methods and include? when method_defined? does the job.

class Test
  def hello; end
end

Test.method_defined? :hello #=> true

回答2:

You can use method_defined? as follows:

String.method_defined? :upcase # => true

Much easier, portable and efficient than the instance_methods.include? everyone else seems to be suggesting.

Keep in mind that you won't know if a class responds dynamically to some calls with method_missing, for example by redefining respond_to?, or since Ruby 1.9.2 by defining respond_to_missing?.

回答3:

Actually this doesn't work for both Objects and Classes.

This does:

class TestClass
  def methodName
  end
end

So with the given answer, this works:

TestClass.method_defined? :methodName # => TRUE

But this does NOT work:

t = TestClass.new
t.method_defined? : methodName  # => ERROR!

So I use this for both classes and objects:

Classes:

TestClass.methods.include? 'methodName'  # => TRUE

Objects:

t = TestClass.new
t.methods.include? 'methodName'  # => TRUE

回答4:

The answer to "Given a class, see if instance has method (Ruby)" is better. Apparently Ruby has this built-in, and I somehow missed it. My answer is left for reference, regardless.

Ruby classes respond to the methods instance_methods and public_instance_methods. In Ruby 1.8, the first lists all instance method names in an array of strings, and the second restricts it to public methods. The second behavior is what you'd most likely want, since respond_to? restricts itself to public methods by default, as well.

Foo.public_instance_methods.include?('bar')

In Ruby 1.9, though, those methods return arrays of symbols.

Foo.public_instance_methods.include?(:bar)

If you're planning on doing this often, you might want to extend Module to include a shortcut method. (It may seem odd to assign this to Module instead of Class, but since that's where the instance_methods methods live, it's best to keep in line with that pattern.)

class Module
  def instance_respond_to?(method_name)
    public_instance_methods.include?(method_name)
  end
end

If you want to support both Ruby 1.8 and Ruby 1.9, that would be a convenient place to add the logic to search for both strings and symbols, as well.

回答5:

Not sure if this is the best way, but you could always do this:

Foo.instance_methods.include? 'bar'

回答6:

Try Foo.instance_methods.include? :bar

回答7:

I think there is something wrong with method_defined? in Rails. It may be inconsistent or something, so if you use Rails, it's better to use something from attribute_method?(attribute).

"testing for method_defined? on ActiveRecord classes doesn't work until an instantiation" is a question about the inconsistency.

回答8:

If you're checking to see if an object can respond to a series of methods, you could do something like:

methods = [:valid?, :chase, :test]

def has_methods?(something, methods)
  methods & something.methods == methods
end

the methods & something.methods will join the two arrays on their common/matching elements. something.methods includes all of the methods you're checking for, it'll equal methods. For example:

[1,2] & [1,2,3,4,5]
==> [1,2]

so

[1,2] & [1,2,3,4,5] == [1,2]
==> true

In this situation, you'd want to use symbols, because when you call .methods, it returns an array of symbols and if you used ["my", "methods"], it'd return false.

回答9:

klass.instance_methods.include :method_name or "method_name", depending on the Ruby version I think.

回答10:

class Foo
 def self.fclass_method
 end
 def finstance_method
 end
end

foo_obj = Foo.new
foo_obj.class.methods(false)
=> [:fclass_method] 

foo_obj.class.instance_methods(false)
=> [:fclass_method] 

Hope this helps you!

回答11:

On my case working with ruby 2.5.3 the following sentences have worked perfectly :

value = "hello world"

value.methods.include? :upcase

It will return a boolean value true or false.