How to frame two for loops in list comprehension p

问题:

I have two lists as below

tags = [u'man', u'you', u'are', u'awesome']
entries = [[u'man', u'thats'],[ u'right',u'awesome']]

I want to extract entries from entries when they are in tags:

result = []

for tag in tags:
    for entry in entries:
        if tag in entry:
            result.extend(entry)

How can I write the two loops as a single line list comprehension?

回答1:

This should do it:

[entry for tag in tags for entry in entries if tag in entry]

回答2:

The best way to remember this is that the order of for loop inside the list comprehension is based on the order in which they appear in traditional loop approach. Outer most loop comes first, and then the inner loops subsequently.

So, the equivalent list comprehension would be:

[entry for tag in tags for entry in entries if tag in entry]

In general, if-else statement comes before the first for loop, and if you have just an if statement, it will come at the end. For e.g, if you would like to add an empty list, if tag is not in entry, you would do it like this:

[entry if tag in entry else [] for tag in tags for entry in entries]

回答3:

The appropriate LC would be

[entry for tag in tags for entry in entries if tag in entry]

The order of the loops in the LC is similar to the ones in nested loops, the if statements go to the end and the conditional expressions go in the beginning, something like

[a if a else b for a in sequence]

See the Demo -

>>> tags = [u'man', u'you', u'are', u'awesome']
>>> entries = [[u'man', u'thats'],[ u'right',u'awesome']]
>>> [entry for tag in tags for entry in entries if tag in entry]
[[u'man', u'thats'], [u'right', u'awesome']]
>>> result = []
    for tag in tags:
        for entry in entries:
            if tag in entry:
                result.append(entry)


>>> result
[[u'man', u'thats'], [u'right', u'awesome']]

EDIT - Since, you need the result to be flattened, you could use a similar list comprehension and then flatten the results.

>>> result = [entry for tag in tags for entry in entries if tag in entry]
>>> from itertools import chain
>>> list(chain.from_iterable(result))
[u'man', u'thats', u'right', u'awesome']

Adding this together, you could just do

>>> list(chain.from_iterable(entry for tag in tags for entry in entries if tag in entry))
[u'man', u'thats', u'right', u'awesome']

You use a generator expression here instead of a list comprehension. (Perfectly matches the 79 character limit too (without the list call))

回答4:

tags = [u'man', u'you', u'are', u'awesome']
entries = [[u'man', u'thats'],[ u'right',u'awesome']]

result = []
[result.extend(entry) for tag in tags for entry in entries if tag in entry]

print(result)

Output:

['man', 'thats', 'right', 'awesome']