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问题:

I have a Django application that sends an email. The production server has an email server but my local box does not. I would like to be able to test sending of email locally. Is there any way that I can have django not send it through the email server and just print out to a file or console?

回答1:

You can configure your application to use the Console Backend for sending e-mail. It writes e-mails to standard out instead of sending them.

Change your settings.py to include this line:

EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.console.EmailBackend'

Don't forget to remove it for production.

回答2:

Python has a little SMTP server built-in. You can start it in a second console with this command:

python -m smtpd -n -c DebuggingServer localhost:1025

This will simply print all the mails sent to localhost:1025 in the console.

You have to configure Django to use this server in your settings.py:

EMAIL_HOST = 'localhost'
EMAIL_PORT = 1025

回答3:

You can configure your application to write emails out to temporary files instead of sending them (similar to Daniel Hepper's answer).

EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.filebased.EmailBackend'
EMAIL_FILE_PATH = 'tmp/email-messages/'

This saves each new message as a separate file. Useful if you are sending heaps of emails, and don't want to have to use the scrollback.

回答4:

If your tests extends from django.test.testcases.TestCase then nothing has to be done. Django will replace the EmailBackend to a "special" one. Then you can test what would had been sent like this :

def testMethodThatSendAEmail(self):
    ...
    from django.core import mail
    object.method_that_send_email(to='me@example.com')
    self.assertEqual(len(mail.outbox), 1)
    self.assertEqual(mail.outbox[0].to, ['me@example.com'])
    ...#etc

The outbox object is a special object that get injected into mail when python manage.py test is run.

回答5:

There is a cool app for this by caktus https://github.com/caktus/django-email-bandit Just add this to your settings.py file:

EMAIL_BACKEND = 'bandit.backends.smtp.HijackSMTPBackend'
BANDIT_EMAIL = 'your_email@example.com'

On top of your email setttings..All emails will be diverted to 'your_email@example.com'

Happy coding...

回答6:

This elaborates on the answer from Benjamin. One way that I test emails if I don't have a local email server like postfix, sendmail or exim installed is to run the python email server. You can run it on port 25 with sudo, or just use a port > 1024 (reserved ports):

python -m smtpd -n -c DebuggingServer localhost:1025
#sudo python -m smtpd -n -c DebuggingServer localhost:25

For testing with your current django app code, you can change settings.py temporarily to include this at the botom:

EMAIL_HOST, EMAIL_PORT, EMAIL_HOST_USER, EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = 'localhost', 1025, None, None

Now test out your emails, or you can do this in ./manage.py shell in another terminal window like so:

python manage.py shell

And paste in this code to send an email:

from django.core.mail import send_mail
send_mail('Subject here', 'Here is the message.', 'messanger@localhost.com',['any@email.com'], fail_silently=False)

No need to use any real emails since you will see everything in your terminal. You can dump it to the appropriate container like .html for further testing.