Regular expression to match comma separated list o

问题:

I have a naive "parser" that simply does something like:
[x.split('=') for x in mystring.split(',')]

However mystring can be something like
'foo=bar,breakfast=spam,eggs'

Obviously,
The naive splitter will just not do it. I am limited to Python 2.6 standard library for this,
So for example pyparsing can not be used.

Expected output is
[('foo', 'bar'), ('breakfast', 'spam,eggs')]

I'm trying to do this with regex, but am facing the following problems:

My First attempt
r'([a-z_]+)=(.+),?'
Gave me
[('foo', 'bar,breakfast=spam,eggs')]

Obviously,
Making .+ non-greedy does not solve the problem.

So,
I'm guessing I have to somehow make the last comma (or $) mandatory.
Doing just that does not really work,
r'([a-z_]+)=(.+?)(?:,|$)'
As with that the stuff behind the comma in an value containing one is omitted,
e.g. [('foo', 'bar'), ('breakfast', 'spam')]

I think I must use some sort of look-behind(?) operation.
The Question(s)
1. Which one do I use? or
2. How do I do that/this?

Edit:

Based on daramarak's answer below,
I ended up doing pretty much the same thing as abarnert later suggested in a slightly more verbose form;

vals = [x.rsplit(',', 1) for x in (data.split('='))]
ret = list()
while vals:
    value = vals.pop()[0]
    key = vals[-1].pop()
    ret.append((key, value))
    if len(vals[-1]) == 0:
        break

EDIT 2:

Just to satisfy my curiosity, is this actually possible with pure regular expressions? I.e so that re.findall() would return a list of 2-tuples?

回答1:

Just for comparison purposes, here's a regex that seems to solve the problem as well:

([^=]+)    # key
=          # equals is how we tokenise the original string
([^=]+)    # value
(?:,|$)    # value terminator, either comma or end of string

The trick here it to restrict what you're capturing in your second group. .+ swallows the = sign, which is the character we can use to distinguish keys from values. The full regex doesn't rely on any back-tracking (so it should be compatible with something like re2, if that's desirable) and can work on abarnert's examples.

Usage as follows:

re.findall(r'([^=]+)=([^=]+)(?:,|$)', 'foo=bar,breakfast=spam,eggs,blt=bacon,lettuce,tomato,spam=spam')

Which returns:

[('foo', 'bar'), ('breakfast', 'spam,eggs'), ('blt', 'bacon,lettuce,tomato'), ('spam', 'spam')]

回答2:

daramarak's answer either very nearly works, or works as-is; it's hard to tell from the way the sample output is formatted and the vague descriptions of the steps. But if it's the very-nearly-works version, it's easy to fix.

Putting it into code:

>>> bits=[x.rsplit(',', 1) for x in s.split('=')]
>>> kv = [(bits[i][-1], bits[i+1][0]) for i in range(len(bits)-1)]

The first line is (I believe) daramarak's answer. By itself, the first line gives you pairs of (value_i, key_i+1) instead of (key_i, value_i). The second line is the most obvious fix for that. With more intermediate steps, and a bit of output, to see how it works:

>>> s = 'foo=bar,breakfast=spam,eggs,blt=bacon,lettuce,tomato,spam=spam'
>>> bits0 = s.split('=')
>>> bits0
['foo', 'bar,breakfast', 'spam,eggs,blt', 'bacon,lettuce,tomato,spam', 'spam']
>>> bits = [x.rsplit(',', 1) for x in bits0]
>>> bits
[('foo'), ('bar', 'breakfast'), ('spam,eggs', 'blt'), ('bacon,lettuce,tomato', 'spam'), ('spam')]
>>> kv = [(bits[i][-1], bits[i+1][0]) for i in range(len(bits)-1)]
>>> kv
[('foo', 'bar'), ('breakfast', 'spam,eggs'), ('blt', 'bacon,lettuce,tomato'), ('spam', 'spam')]

回答3:

Could I suggest that you use the split operations as before. But split at the equals first, then splitting at the rightmost comma, to make a single list of left and right strings.

input =
"bob=whatever,king=kong,banana=herb,good,yellow,thorn=hurts"

will at first split become

first_split = input.split("=")
#first_split = ['bob' 'whatever,king' 'kong,banana' 'herb,good,yellow,thorn' 'hurts']

then splitting at rightmost comma gives you:

second_split = [single_word for sublist in first_split for item in sublist.rsplit(",",1)]
#second_split = ['bob' 'whatever' 'king' 'kong' 'banana' 'herb,good,yellow' 'thorn' 'hurts']

then you just gather the pairs like this:

pairs = dict(zip(second_split[::2],second_split[1::2]))

回答4:

Can you try this, it worked for me:

mystring = "foo=bar,breakfast=spam,eggs,e=a"
n = []
i = 0

for x in mystring.split(','):
    if '=' not in x:
        n[i-1] = "{0},{1}".format(n[i-1], x)
    else:
        n.append(x)
        i += 1
print n

You get result like:

  ['foo=bar', 'breakfast=spam,eggs', 'e=a']

Then you can simply go over list and do what you want.

回答5:

Assuming that the name of the key never contains ,, you can split at , when the next sequence without , and = is succeeded by =.

re.split(r',(?=[^,=]+=)', inputString)

(This is the same as my original solution. I expect re.split to be used, rather than re.findall or str.split).

The full solution can be done in one-liner:

[re.findall('(.*?)=(.*)', token)[0] for token in re.split(r',(?=[^,=]+=)', inputString)]