Can a member of a class be named the same name as

问题:

Trying to compile the following code on different compilers gives me two different results:

struct S{};
struct T{S S;};
int main(){}

As you can see, inside T, I have an object named the same as the previously defined class S.

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On GCC 4.7.2, I get the following error pertaining to the S S; declaration inside T:

error: declaration of 'S T::S' [-fpermissive]
error: changes meaning of 'S' from 'struct S' [-fpermissive]

However, moving it outside of the class (or into main) works fine:

struct S{};
S S;
int main(){}

What exactly does it mean by the error it's giving me?

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In Visual Studio 2012, the whole thing compiles and runs without any errors. Pasting it into this Clang 3.0 compiler gives me no errors as well.

Which is right? Can I actually do this or not?

回答1:

gcc is correct, from [3.3.7 Class Scope]

A name N used in a class S shall refer to the same declaration in its context and when re-evaluated in the completed scope of S. No diagnostic is required for a violation of this rule.

However, note that no diagnostic is required, so all compilers are conforming.

The reason is because of how class scope works. When you write S S; S is visible within the entire class and changes the meaning when you use S.

struct S{};
struct T{
    void foo()
    { 
        S myS; // Not possible anymore because S refers to local S
    }
    S S;
};

回答2:

This code is ill-formed, no diagnostic required. Like the diagnostic says, if a declaration uses a name and the name has a different meaning than it would have when looked up at the end of the class definition, the programm is illformed, no diagnostic required.

回答3:

@JesseGood provide a complete answer, but if you really want to do this without any error, you can use type's full name and it will work as follow:

struct S {};
struct T { ::S S; };
int main() {return 0;}

No there is no error, since S in your class is T::S and its type is ::S!