Iteratively parsing HTML (with lxml?)

问题:

I'm currently trying to iteratively parse a very large HTML document (I know.. yuck) to reduce the amount of memory used. The problem I'm having is that I'm getting XML syntax errors such as:

lxml.etree.XMLSyntaxError: Attribute name redefined, line 134, column 59

This then causes everything to stop.

Is there a way to iteratively parse HTML without choking on syntax errors?

At the moment I'm extracting the line number from the XML syntax error exception, removing that line from the document, and then restarting the process. Seems like a pretty disgusting solution. Is there a better way?

Edit:

This is what I'm currently doing:

context = etree.iterparse(tfile, events=('start', 'end'), html=True)
in_table = False
header_row = True
while context:
    try:
        event, el = context.next()

        # do something

        # remove old elements
        while el.getprevious() is not None:
            del el.getparent()[0]

    except etree.XMLSyntaxError, e:
        print e.msg
        lineno = int(re.search(r'line (\d+),', e.msg).group(1))
        remove_line(tfilename, lineno)
        tfile = open(tfilename)
        context = etree.iterparse(tfile, events=('start', 'end'), html=True)
    except KeyError:
        print 'oops keyerror'

回答1:

The perfect solution ended up being Python's very own HTMLParser ^[docs].

This is the (pretty bad) code I ended up using:

class MyParser(HTMLParser):
    def __init__(self):
        self.finished = False
        self.in_table = False
        self.in_row = False
        self.in_cell = False
        self.current_row = []
        self.current_cell = ''
        HTMLParser.__init__(self)

    def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs):
        attrs = dict(attrs)
        if not self.in_table:
            if tag == 'table':
                if ('id' in attrs) and (attrs['id'] == 'dgResult'):
                    self.in_table = True
        else:
            if tag == 'tr':
                self.in_row = True
            elif tag == 'td':
                self.in_cell = True
            elif (tag == 'a') and (len(self.current_row) == 7):
                url = attrs['href']
                self.current_cell = url


    def handle_endtag(self, tag):
        if tag == 'tr':
            if self.in_table:
                if self.in_row:
                    self.in_row = False
                    print self.current_row
                    self.current_row = []
        elif tag == 'td':
            if self.in_table:
                if self.in_cell:
                    self.in_cell = False
                    self.current_row.append(self.current_cell.strip())
                    self.current_cell = ''

        elif (tag == 'table') and self.in_table:
            self.finished = True

    def handle_data(self, data):
        if not len(self.current_row) == 7:
            if self.in_cell:
                self.current_cell += data

With that code I could then do this:

parser = MyParser()
for line in myfile:
    parser.feed(line)

回答2:

At the moment lxml etree.iterparse supports keyword argument recover=True, so that instead of writing custom subclass of HTMLParser fixing broken html you can just pass this argument to iterparse.

To properly parse huge and broken html you only need to do following:

etree.iterparse(tfile, events=('start', 'end'), html=True, recover=True)

回答3:

Use True for iterparse's arguments html and huge_tree.

回答4:

Try parsing your HTML document with lxml.html:

Since version 2.0, lxml comes with a dedicated Python package for dealing with HTML: lxml.html. It is based on lxml's HTML parser, but provides a special Element API for HTML elements, as well as a number of utilities for common HTML processing tasks.