C++ error: terminate called after throwing an inst

问题:

I wrote the code pasted below to perform the following tasks in the order in which they are stated:

1. Read an input file and count the number of entries in it
2. Create an array of appropriate size (size equal to number of entries)
3. Go back to the beginning of the input file and read it again
4. Store the entries in an array
5. Print out the number of entries in the file and the entries themselves.

Here is my code:

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <exception>

using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char* argv[]){

    ifstream inFile(argv[1]); //passing arguments to the main function
    int numEntries;

    if(!inFile){
        cout << "file not found" << endl;
        return 1;
    }

    string entry;
    while (!inFile.eof()){ //counting the number of entries
        getline(inFile,entry);
        ++numEntries;
    }

    const int length = numEntries;  //making an array of appropriate length
    int*arr = new int[length];

    inFile.clear();             //going back to the beginning of the file
    inFile.seekg(0, ios::beg);

    int i = 0;
    const int size = numEntries;    //making an array to store the entries in the file
    int matrix[size];
    int pos = 0;

    int variable = 0;
    while(pos < size){
        inFile >> variable;
        matrix[pos] = variable;
        ++pos;
    }
    cout<< numEntries << "entries have been read"<< endl; 
    inFile.close();
    for(int i = 0; i < pos; ++i)
        cout << matrix[i] << endl; //printing out the entries
    return 0;
}

When I execute the .cpp file I keep getting the error message:

terminate called after throwing an instance of 'std::bad_alloc'
what(): std::bad_alloc
Aborted (core dumped)

I have gathered this has to do with a memory shortage or variables falling out of the main() function, but I can not figure out how to address the problem in this specific situation. If it is relevant, I am working on a Linux computer.

回答1:

This code has 3 holes:

---

First hole: int numEntries. Later you do: ++numEntries;

You increment unspecified value. Not sure if it's UB, but still bad.

---

Second and third hole:

const int length = numEntries;
int* arr = new int[length];

And

const int size = numEntries;
int matrix[size];

numEntries has unspecified value (first hole). You use it to initialize length and size - that is Undefined Behaviour. But let's assume it is just some big number - you allocate memory of unspecified size (possibly just very big size), hence the std::bad_alloc exception - it means you want to allocate more memory that you have available.

Also, matrix is VLA of unspecified size, which is both non-standard and Undefined behaviour.

回答2:

Loss of focus, wasted 30 mins:

class Cls1{
    int nV;   //  <------------- nV is un-initialized
    vector<bool> v1;
public:
    Cls1 () {
        v1 = vector<bool> (nV + 1, false);  // <------------------ nV is used
    }
};

As you can see nV is un-initialized, but is used below in constructor.

Since the nV took garbage value, different for each run, the program sometimes worked, and other times crashed when the nV garbage value is very high (garbage value)

• Rextester didn't crash, possibly due to some different initialization, https://rextester.com/l/cpp_online_compiler_gcc

• Apache Netbeans does not show this as warning

  • Having files under Git, you can see changes easily, will find these issue.

Hope that helps.