I am using Visual Studio 2013 Pro and Team Foundation Server 2013. I have a .tfignore file with the following lines:
\packages
\<project name>\Bin
!\<project name>\Bin\*.refresh
Line 1 is not working but lines 2 and 3 are. The project name above is a website inside a solution. There is nothing else in this solution. There are nuget packages installed which automatically pull down when you publish or build the website. When that happens this package folder is created in the solution. It's not added to the solution explorer, it's just in the same folder as the solution when you look at the filer in file explorer.
Please let me know if there is any other information you need.