Testing in Python - how to use assertRaises in tes

问题:

This question already has answers here:

How do you test that a Python function throws an exception? (13 answers)

Closed 2 years ago.

I am trying to do a simple test in Python using unittest, to see if a class throws an exception if it gets an unsuitable input for the constructor. The class looks like this:

class SummaryFormula:
    def __init__( self, summaryFormula):
        self.atoms = {}
        for atom in re.finditer( "([A-Z][a-z]{0,2})(\d*)", summaryFormula):
            symbol = atom.group(1)
            count = atom.group(2)

            if pocet != "":
                self.atoms[ symbol] = int(count)
            else:
                self.atoms[ symbol] = 1

My test is following:

    class ConstructorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
      def testEmptyString(self):
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ukol1.SummaryFormula(), "testtest")

    if __name__ == '__main__':
      unittest.main()

All I want is the test to fail, meaning that the exception of unsuitable input for constructor is not handled.

Instead, I get an error: __init__() takes exactly 2 arguments (1 given).

What am I missing? What is the second argument I should specify?

Also, what type of Error should I use to handle exception that an input not matchable by my regexp was passed to the constructor?

Thank you, Tomas

回答1:

Thats because your class requires a parameter while instantiating the object

while you are passing

ukol1.SummaryFormula()

you should have been passing the parameter summaryFormula to it.

ukol1.SummaryFormula(someSummaryFormula)

Also the confusion is because your class name is SummaryFormula and the parameter that you pass to __init__ is also SummaryFormula

or should this be

self.assertRaises(TypeError, ukol1.SummaryFormula, "testtest")

回答2:

assertRaises is a little confusing, because you need to give it the callable, not an expression that makes the call.

Change your code to:

self.assertRaises(TypeError, ukol1.SummaryFormula, "testtest")

In your code, you are invoking the constructor yourself, and it raises an exception about not having enough arguments. Instead, you need to give assertRaises the callable (ukol1.SummaryFormula), and the arguments to call it with ("testtest"). Then it can call it, catching and checking for exceptions.

回答3:

A more pythonic way is to use with command (added in Python 2.7):

with self.assertRaises(SomeException):
    do_something()

Documentation: https://docs.python.org/2/library/unittest.html#unittest.TestCase.assertRaises

回答4:

A more-generic alternate format is

args=['testtest']
kwargs = {}
self.assertRaises(TypeError, ukol1.SummaryFormula, *args, **kwargs)

This is useful if your constructor is polymorphic and you want to loop over a list of different ways of miswriting the arguments, e.g.:

arg_lists = [
    ['testtest'],
    ['anothertest'],
    ['YAT'],
]
for args in arg_lists:
    self.assertRaises(TypeError, ukol1.SummaryFormula, *args)

回答5:

Since none of the other answers point on how you can use the context that encapsulates the code that causes the exception, here's how you can do that.

with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as ctx:
    <some code that throws an exception>

expected_msg = 'foo_bar_baz'
self.assertEquals(ctx.exception.message, expected_msg)

Attributes of interest in this unittest.case._AssertRaisesContext, are:

• exception
• expected
• expected_regexp
• failureException