Javascript - Copy string to clipboard as text/html

问题:

Is there a way in javascript to copy an html string (ie <b>xx<b>) into the clipboard as text/html, so that it can then be pasted into for example a gmail message with the formatting (ie, xx in bold)

There exists solutions to copy to the clipboard as text (text/plain) for example https://stackoverflow.com/a/30810322/460084 but not as text/html

I need a non flash, non jquery solution that will work at least on IE11 FF42 and Chrome.

Ideally I would like to store both text and html versions of the string in the clipboard so that the right one can be pasted depending if the target supports html or not.

回答1:

Since this answer has gotten some attention, I have completely rewritten the messy original to be easier to grasp. If you want to look at the pre-revisioned version, you can find it here.

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The boiled down question:

Can I use JavaScript to copy the formatted output of some HTML code to the users clipboard?

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Answer:

Yes, with some limitations, you can.

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Solution:

Below is a function that will do exactly that. I tested it with your required browsers, it works in all of them. IE 11 though will ask for confirmation on that action.

Explanation how it works can be found below, you may interactively test the function out in this jsFiddle.

// This function expects an HTML string and copies it as rich text.

function copyFormatted (html) {
  // Create container for the HTML
  // [1]
  var container = document.createElement('div')
  container.innerHTML = html

  // Hide element
  // [2]
  container.style.position = 'fixed'
  container.style.pointerEvents = 'none'
  container.style.opacity = 0

  // Detect all style sheets of the page
  var activeSheets = Array.prototype.slice.call(document.styleSheets)
    .filter(function (sheet) {
      return !sheet.disabled
    })

  // Mount the container to the DOM to make `contentWindow` available
  // [3]
  document.body.appendChild(container)

  // Copy to clipboard
  // [4]
  window.getSelection().removeAllRanges()

  var range = document.createRange()
  range.selectNode(container)
  window.getSelection().addRange(range)

  // [5.1]
  document.execCommand('copy')

  // [5.2]
  for (var i = 0; i < activeSheets.length; i++) activeSheets[i].disabled = true

  // [5.3]
  document.execCommand('copy')

  // [5.4]
  for (var i = 0; i < activeSheets.length; i++) activeSheets[i].disabled = false

  // Remove the container
  // [6]
  document.body.removeChild(container)
}

---

Explanation:

Look into the comments in the code above to see where you currently are in the following process:

1. We create a container to put our HTML code into.
2. We style the container to be hidden and detect the page's active stylesheets. The reason will be explained shortly.
3. We put the container into the page's DOM.
4. We remove possibly existing selections and select the contents of our container.

5. We do the copying itself. This is actually a multi-step process: Chrome will copy text as it sees it, with applied CSS styles, while other browsers will copy it with the browser's default styles. Therefore we will disable all user styles before copying to get the most consistent result possible.

   1. Before we do this, we prematurely execute the copy command. This is a hack for IE11: In this browser, the copying must be manually confirmed once. Until the user clicked the "Confirm" button, IE users would see the page without any styles. To avoid this, we copy first, wait for confirmation, then disable the styles and again copy. That time we won't get a confirmation dialog since IE remembers our last choice.
   2. We actually disable the page's styles.
   3. We now again execute the copy command.
   4. We re-enable the stylesheets.
6. We remove the container from the page's DOM.

And we're done.

---

Caveats:

• The formatted content will not be perfectly consistent across browsers.

  As explained above, Chrome (i.e. the Blink engine) will use a different strategy than Firefox and IE: Chrome will copy the contents with their CSS styling, but omitting any styles that are not defined.

  Firefox and IE on the other hand won't apply page-specific CSS, they will apply the browser's default styles. This also means they will have some weird styles applied to them, e.g. the default font (which is usually Times New Roman).

• For security reasons, browsers will only allow the function to execute as an effect of a user interaction (e.g. a click, keypress etc.)

回答2:

I have done a few modifications on Loilo's answer above:

• setting (and later restoring) the focus to the hidden div prevents FF going into endless recursion when copying from a textarea

• setting the range to the inner children of the div prevents chrome inserting an extra <br> in the beginning

• removeAllRanges on getSelection() prevents appending to existing selection (possibly not needed)

• try/catch around execCommand

• hiding the copy div better

On OSX this will not work. Safari does not support execCommand and chrome OSX has a known bug https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=552975

code:

clipboardDiv = document.createElement('div');
clipboardDiv.style.fontSize = '12pt'; // Prevent zooming on iOS
// Reset box model
clipboardDiv.style.border = '0';
clipboardDiv.style.padding = '0';
clipboardDiv.style.margin = '0';
// Move element out of screen 
clipboardDiv.style.position = 'fixed';
clipboardDiv.style['right'] = '-9999px';
clipboardDiv.style.top = (window.pageYOffset || document.documentElement.scrollTop) + 'px';
// more hiding
clipboardDiv.setAttribute('readonly', '');
clipboardDiv.style.opacity = 0;
clipboardDiv.style.pointerEvents = 'none';
clipboardDiv.style.zIndex = -1;
clipboardDiv.setAttribute('tabindex', '0'); // so it can be focused
clipboardDiv.innerHTML = '';
document.body.appendChild(clipboardDiv);

function copyHtmlToClipboard(html) {
  clipboardDiv.innerHTML=html;

  var focused=document.activeElement;
  clipboardDiv.focus();

  window.getSelection().removeAllRanges();  
  var range = document.createRange(); 
  range.setStartBefore(clipboardDiv.firstChild);
  range.setEndAfter(clipboardDiv.lastChild);
  window.getSelection().addRange(range);  

  var ok=false;
  try {
     if (document.execCommand('copy')) ok=true; else utils.log('execCommand returned false !');
  } catch (err) {
     utils.log('execCommand failed ! exception '+err);
  }

  focused.focus();
}

see jsfiddle where you can enter html segment into the textarea and copy to the clipboard with ctrl+c.