Using the same option multiple times in Python'

问题:

I'm trying to write a script that accepts multiple input sources and does something to each one. Something like this

./my_script.py \
    -i input1_url input1_name input1_other_var \
    -i input2_url input2_name input2_other_var \
    -i input3_url input3_name
# notice inputX_other_var is optional

But I can't quite figure out how to do this using argparse. It seems that it's set up so that each option flag can only be used once. I know how to associate multiple arguments with a single option (nargs='*' or nargs='+'), but that still won't let me use the -i flag multiple times. How do I go about accomplishing this?

Just to be clear, what I would like in the end is a list of lists of strings. So

[["input1_url", "input1_name", "input1_other"],
 ["input2_url", "input2_name", "input2_other"],
 ["input3_url", "input3_name"]]

回答1:

Here's a parser that handles a repeated 2 argument optional - with names defined in the metavar:

parser=argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('-i','--input',action='append',nargs=2,
    metavar=('url','name'),help='help:')

In [295]: parser.print_help()
usage: ipython2.7 [-h] [-i url name]

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -i url name, --input url name
                        help:

In [296]: parser.parse_args('-i one two -i three four'.split())
Out[296]: Namespace(input=[['one', 'two'], ['three', 'four']])

This does not handle the 2 or 3 argument case (though I wrote a patch some time ago for a Python bug/issue that would handle such a range).

How about a separate argument definition with nargs=3 and metavar=('url','name','other')?

The tuple metavar can also be used with nargs='+' and nargs='*'; the 2 strings are used as [-u A [B ...]] or [-u [A [B ...]]].

回答2:

-i should be configured to accept 3 arguments and to use the append action.

>>> p = argparse.ArgumentParser()
>>> p.add_argument("-i", nargs=3, action='append')
_AppendAction(...)
>>> p.parse_args("-i a b c -i d e f -i g h i".split())
Namespace(i=[['a', 'b', 'c'], ['d', 'e', 'f'], ['g', 'h', 'i']])

To handle an optional value, you might try using a simple custom type. In this case, the argument to -i is a single comma-delimited string, with the number of splits limited to 2. You would need to post-process the values to ensure there are at least two values specified.

>>> p.add_argument("-i", type=lambda x: x.split(",", 2), action='append')
>>> print p.parse_args("-i a,b,c -i d,e -i g,h,i,j".split())
Namespace(i=[['a', 'b', 'c'], ['d', 'e'], ['g', 'h', 'i,j']])

For more control, define a custom action. This one extends the built-in _AppendAction (used by action='append'), but just does some range checking on the number of arguments given to -i.

class TwoOrThree(argparse._AppendAction):
    def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
        if not (2 <= len(values) <= 3):
            raise argparse.ArgumentError(self, "%s takes 2 or 3 values, %d given" % (option_string, len(values)))
        super(TwoOrThree, self).__call__(parser, namespace, values, option_string)

p.add_argument("-i", nargs='+', action=TwoOrThree)

回答3:

This is simple; just add both action='append' and nargs='*' (or '+').

import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('-i', action='append', nargs='+')
args = parser.parse_args()

Then when you run it, you get

In [32]: run test.py -i input1_url input1_name input1_other_var -i input2_url i
...: nput2_name input2_other_var -i input3_url input3_name

In [33]: args.i
Out[33]:
[['input1_url', 'input1_name', 'input1_other_var'],
 ['input2_url', 'input2_name', 'input2_other_var'],
 ['input3_url', 'input3_name']]