Capturing **vars() pattern in string formatting

问题:

I frequently find myself using the following pattern for string formatting.

a = 3
b = 'foo'
c = dict(mykey='myval')

#prints a is 3, b is foo, mykey is myval
print('a is {a}, b is {b}, mykey is {c[mykey]}'.format(**vars()))

That is, I often have the values I need to print in the local namespace, represented by a call to vars(). As I look over my code, however, it seems awfully unpythonic to be constantly repeating the .format(**vars()) pattern.

I'd like to create a function that will capture this pattern. It would be something like the following.

# doesn't work
def lfmt(s):
    """
    lfmt (local format) will format the string using variables
    in the caller's local namespace.
    """
    return s.format(**vars())

Except that by the time I'm in the lfmt namespace, vars() is no longer what I want.

How can I write lfmt so that it executes vars() in the caller's namespace such that the following code would work as the example above?

print(lfmt('a is {a}, b is {b}, mykey is {c[mykey]}'))

回答1:

Edit: In order for lfmt to work when called from different namespaces, you'll need the inspect module. Note, as the documentation warns, the inspect module may not be suitable for production code since it may not work with all implementations of Python

import inspect
def lfmt(s):
    caller = inspect.currentframe().f_back
    return s.format(**caller.f_locals)

a = 3
b = 'foo'
c = dict(mykey='myval')

print(lfmt('a is {a}, b is {b}, mykey is {c[mykey]}'))
# a is 3, b is foo, mykey is myval

回答2:

You have to inspect the variables from the calling frames.

This will get you started:

import inspect
import pprint

def lfmt(s):
    for frame in inspect.getouterframes(inspect.currentframe()):
        f = frame[0]
        print pprint.pformat(f.f_locals)
    return '???'

if __name__ == '__main__':
    a = 10
    b = 20
    c = 30
    lfmt('test')

回答3:

Here you are:

import sys

def lfmt(s):
    """
    lfmt (local format) will format the string using variables
    in the caller's local namespace.
    """

    if hasattr(sys, "tracebacklimit") and sys.tracebacklimit == 0:
        raise Exception, "failfailfail"

    try:
        raise ZeroDivisionError
    except ZeroDivisionError:
        f = sys.exc_info()[2].tb_frame.f_back

    return s.format(**f.f_locals)

a = 5
somestring = "text"
print lfmt("{a} {somestring}")

The fact that it works doesn't mean you should use it. This is what developers call "major hack", usually shipped with a comment "XXX fix me XXX".

回答4:

Is it so bad to type ,vars each time you call the function?

def lfmt(s,v):
    """
    lfmt (local format) will format the string using variables
    from the dict returned by calling v()"""
    return s.format(**v())

print(lfmt('a is {a}, b is {b}, mykey is {c[mykey]}',vars))

回答5:

You could also use sys instead of inspect, but I don't know if it has the same problem with different implementations as inspect has.

import sys

def lfmt(s):
    caller = sys._getframe(1)
    return s.format(**caller.f_locals)

This is as far as I got: Python string interpolation implementation