Getting base name of the source file at compile ti

问题:

I'm using GCC; __FILE__ returns the current source file's entire path and name: /path/to/file.cpp. Is there a way to get just the file's name file.cpp (without its path) at compile time? Is it possible to do this in a portable way? Can template meta programming be applied to strings?

I am using this in an error logging macro. I really do not want my source's full path making its way into the executable.

回答1:

If you're using a make program, you should be able to munge the filename beforehand and pass it as a macro to gcc to be used in your program.

In your makefile, change the line:

file.o: file.c
    gcc -c -o file.o src/file.c

to:

file.o: src/file.c
    gcc "-D__MYFILE__=\"`basename $<`\"" -c -o file.o src/file.c

This will allow you to use __MYFILE__ in your code instead of __FILE__.

The use of basename of the source file ($<) means you can use it in generalized rules such as ".c.o".

The following code illustrates how it works.

File makefile:

mainprog: main.o makefile
    gcc -o mainprog main.o

main.o: src/main.c makefile
    gcc "-D__MYFILE__=\"`basename $<`\"" -c -o main.o src/main.c

File src/main.c:

#include <stdio.h>

int main (int argc, char *argv[]) {
    printf ("file = %s\n", __MYFILE__);
    return 0;
}

Run from the shell:

pax@pax-desktop:~$ mainprog
file = main.c
pax@pax-desktop:~$

Note the "file =" line which contains only the basename of the file, not the dirname.

回答2:

Consider this simple source code:

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    puts(__FILE__);
    return(0);
}

On Solaris, with GCC 4.3.1, if I compile this using:

gcc -o x x.c && ./x

the output is 'x.c' If I compile it using:

gcc -o x $PWD/x.c && ./x

then __FILE__ maps to the full path ('/work1/jleffler/tmp/x.c'). If I compile it using:

gcc -o x ../tmp/x.c && ./x

then __FILE__ maps to '../tmp/x.c'.

So, basically, __FILE__ is the pathname of the source file. If you build with the name you want to see in the object, all is well.

If that is impossible (for whatever reason), then you will have to get into the fixes suggested by other people.

回答3:

What does your error logging macro do? I would presume at some point the macro eventually calls a function of some kind in order to do the logging, why not have the called function strip off the path component at runtime?

#define LOG(message) _log(__FILE__, message)

void _log(file, message)
{
  #ifndef DEBUG
  strippath(file); // in some suitable way
  #endif

  cerr << "Log: " << file << ": " << message; // or whatever
}

回答4:

You might be able to do it with template metaprogramming, but there's no built-in way to do it.

EDIT: Hm, correction. According to one page I just saw, GCC uses the path that it's given for the file. If it's given the full name, it'll embed it; if it's only given a relative one, it'll only embed that. I haven't tried it myself though.

回答5:

I don't know of a direct way. You could use:

#line 1 "filename.c"

at the top of the source file to set the value of __FILE__, but I'm not sure that that's much better than hard coding it. or just using a #define to create your own macro.

Another option might be to pass the name from your Makefile using -D and $(shell basename $<)

Edit: If you use a #define or the -D option, you should create your own new name and not try to redefine __FILE__.

回答6:

Taking the idea from Glomek, it can be automated like this:

Source file x.c

#line 1 MY_FILE_NAME
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    puts(__FILE__);
    return(0);
}

Compilation line (beware the single quotes outside the double quotes):

gcc -DMY_FILE_NAME='"abcd.c"' -o x x.c

The output is 'abcd.c'.

回答7:

Since you tagged CMake, here's a neat solution to add to your CMakeLists.txt: (copied from http://www.cmake.org/pipermail/cmake/2011-December/048281.html ). (Note : some compilers don't support per-file COMPILE_DEFINITIONS ! but it works with gcc)

set(SRCS a/a.cpp b/b.cpp c/c.cpp d/d.cpp)

foreach(f IN LISTS SRCS)
 get_filename_component(b ${f} NAME)
 set_source_files_properties(${f} PROPERTIES
  COMPILE_DEFINITIONS "MYSRCNAME=${b}")
endforeach()

add_executable(foo ${SRCS})

Note : For my application I needed to escape the filename string like this:

COMPILE_DEFINITIONS "MYSRCNAME=\"${b}\"")

回答8:

You can assign __FILE__ to a string, and then call _splitpath() to rip the pieces out of it. This might be a Windows/MSVC-only solution, honestly I don't know.

I know you were looking for a compile-time solution and this is a run-time solution, but I figured since you were using the filename to do (presumably run-time) error logging, this could be a simple straightforward way to get you what you need.

回答9:

You can take __FILE__ and the strip off the part of path you don't want (programatically). If basedir satisfies your needs, then fine. Otherwise, get source dir root from your build system, and the rest should be doable.

回答10:

Just got the same issue; found a different resolution, just thought I'd share it:

In a header file included in all my other files:

static char * file_bname = NULL;
#define __STRIPPED_FILE__   (file_bname ?: (file_bname = basename(__FILE__)))

Hope this is useful to someone else as well :)

回答11:

Could be done ONLY programmatically.

maybe this is useful...

filename = __FILE__
len  = strlen(filename)

char *temp = &filename[len -1]
while(*temp!= filename)
    if(*temp == '\') break;

回答12:

You could use:

bool IsDebugBuild()
{
    return !NDEBUG;
}

Or, you could use NDEBUG in your Macro to turn on/off those file paths.