Good practice for working with multiple solutions

问题:

Background: My team is made up of 3 fairly inexperienced developers. We are developing in-house software for our company. Currently we have a number of smaller and separate solutions. Many of these are interdependent. Currently these depencies are made by referencing the output dll's in the respective release-folder. Updates are pushed around by manually rebuilding dependent solutions.

Example: Solution A uses features of solution B. The connection is made having Solution A referencing ...\Release\B.dll . Changes to B propagates by building solution B, then building solution A and so forth.

This has worked okay before, but now we are moving from a manual (mind numbing) "version control system" (folder1, folder2, folder2New...) to using a proper one (git).

It seems that versioning the .dll's is not recommended. This means that every time someone wants to build a new version of A, he also needs to build B (and maybe 5 other solutions) in order to have the latest version of B.

I'm thinking that there must be a better way to do this. I've been looking at combining the relevant solutions into one master solution, but I can't figure out how to do this in Visual C# Express (which we are using).

So at long last the questions:

1. Is having a master solution that builds everything the way to go? -- it seems so from MSDN but I can't figure out how to do this in Visual C# Express 2008, which leeds me to

2. Is this even possible in Visual C# Express? If not, what is a good way of managing the problem?

Edit Thanks to all for the great suggestions below. Here's a summary of what I ended up doing.

In short the answers to the questions are: "Yes" and "Sort of, but mostly yes". I implemented as follows: In order to get an idea of the dependencies, I did as suggested below, and drew a map of the binary products, with an arrow pointing from the dll's or exe's name to all of its dependencies.

For each project, I opened its corresponding solution (since at first there was one solution pr project). I then added the projectfile of each dependency in the tree structure revealed in the graph (by right-clicking the solution in solution explorer), so that also dependecies's dependencies and so forth were included. Then I removed the old references (pointing directly to the .dlls) and added references to the projects instead.

The important result is:

• When a solution of a project is built, all it's dependencies are built with it, so that when deploying, you know that all the build products are automatically of the latest version.

回答1:

I would create a new solution and add all of the projects that relate to each other to it. You can group the projects from each of the original solutions by putting them in different solution folders within the new solution. This way, when you build a project, all of the projects it depends upon will also get built. It also means that all of your projects will be built using the same configuration (i.e. Release or Debug). This means that all of your projects can be built in Debug, not just the top one in the dependency tree while everything below it is a Release assembly. Makes debugging much easier.

回答2:

I have Visual C# Express 2010 and when I create a new project, it automatically creates a default solution. If it's visible, then you can right-click on the solution and choose Add>Existing Project.

If the solution is not visible, (I seem to remember this problem in C# Express 2005/8), then you can add an existing project via File>Add>Existing Project. The solution should be visible now.

In terms of speration, what I usually do is this:

Everything that must be built together should be in one solution, and these should be projects and not DLL's. I try to live by The Joel List, where you should be able to build your project in one step. If it is one deployable unit, then there should be one solution. All of my projects are built on a build server before they can be deployed, so everything should be in the solution that needs to be built.

Guys sometimes put the WCF services project and the clients in the same project for easy debugging, but it depends on whether you want to deploy client and server independently. Usually for bigger projects I separate them.

Lastly there's one exception. We have a central common library that is used by different teams. If it's included in different solutions, and one team changes something, we end up breaking the other team's builds. In this case, we create a single solution that has all of the library projects. These get built to DLL's that we store the versions of. We treat these as a framework that the other solutions can use. E.g. Team A is using CommonLibrary 1.1 and Team B is using CommonLibrary 1.2.

回答3:

You need to think of Solutions as just "groupings of projects" - the projects are what are actually "built", not the "solution" (well, that's not entirely true, the solution is turned into a "metaproject" that references the contained projects, but its close enough to the truth)

If you have interdependencies between solutions, I would suggest drawing all the projects on a big whiteboard, then draw arrows representing the dependencies from project to project. Once you've done this, you'll be able to see at a glance what the appropriate "groupings of projects" make sense. Those become your solution files.

For example, if you have projects A, B, ..., F, where:

• A depends on B
• B depends on C
• D depends on C
• E depends on F

One possible split here would be solution 1 with projects A, B, C, D and solution 2 with projects E, F.

回答4:

I would come up with a common area to push all dlls. My company uses the "R" drive, which is just a LOCAL (not network so no one can touch another persons folder) mapped folder everyone has. Each solution will build to this. Right click a project, properties->build and change the output. Or you can add a post build command to push the dll there. After that, have all of your projects reference this location.

Once this is done and everything is pointing at the same place, you can even add different combinations of projects to different solutions. If a developer only wants the ui projects, they can open a special "ui" solution that is a subset of the whole.

Here is a post build event that I use in my project properties->build events

rem when building on local workstation copy dll to local R:\
if '$(BuildingInsideVisualStudio)' (
    xcopy $(TargetDir)$(TargetName).* R:\Extranet\$(TargetName)\1.0\  /Y
)
rem if "Enterprise" build then copy dll to Corp R:\ drive and to Build Machine R:\
if '$(Reason)' == 'Manual' (
    xcopy $(TargetDir)$(TargetName).* \\folder\$(TargetName)\1.0\ /Y
    xcopy $(TargetDir)$(TargetName).* R:\Extranet\$(TargetName)\1.0\ /Y
)