How to remove duplicate lines from a file

问题:

I have a tool that generates tests and predicts the output. The idea is that if I have a failure I can compare the prediction to the actual output and see where they diverged. The problem is the actual output contains some lines twice, which confuses diff. I want to remove the duplicates, so that I can compare them easily. Basically, something like sort -u but without the sorting.

Is there any unix command line tool that can do this?

回答1:

uniq(1)

SYNOPSIS

uniq [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]

DESCRIPTION

Discard all but one of successive identical lines from INPUT (or standard input), writing to OUTPUT (or standard output).

Or, if you want to remove non-adjacent duplicate lines as well, this fragment of perl will do it:

while(<>) {
    print $_ if (!$seen{$_});
    $seen{$_}=1;
}

回答2:

Complementary to the uniq answers, which work great if you don't mind sorting your file first. If you need to remove non-adjacent lines (or if you want to remove duplicates without rearranging your file), the following Perl one-liner should do it (stolen from here):

cat textfile | perl -ne '$H{$_}++ or print'

回答3:

If you are interested in removing adjacent duplicate lines, use uniq.

If you want to remove all duplicate lines, not just adjacent ones, then it's trickier.

回答4:

Here's what I came up with while I was waiting for an answer here (though the first (and accepted) answer came in about 2 minutes). I used this substitution in VIM:

%s/^\(.*\)\n\1$/\1/

Which means: look for lines where after the newline we have the same as before, and replace them only with what we captured in the first line.

uniq is definitely easier, though.

回答5:

Here is an awk implementation, incase the environment does not have / allow perl (haven't seen one yet)! PS: If there are more than one duplicate lines, then this prints duplicate outputs.

awk '{

# Cut out the key on which duplicates are to be determined.
key = substr($0,2,14)

#If the key is not seen before, store in array,else print
if ( ! s[key] )
    s[key] = 1;
else
    print key;
}'