Reverse an arbitrary dimension in an ndarray

问题:

I'm working with an n-dimensional array, and I'd like a way to reverse a numbered dimension. So rather than

rev = a[:,:,::-1]

I'd like to be able to write

rev = a.reverse(dimension=2)

or something similar. I can't seem to find examples that don't rely on the former syntax.

回答1:

For anyone coming across this in the future:

Numpy 1.12+ has the function np.flip(array, dimension), which does exactly as requested. Even better, it returns a view of the data rather than a copy, and so it happens in constant time.

回答2:

If you browse the numpy (python) source code you'll find a trick they use to write functions that operate on a particular axis is to use np.swapaxes to put the target axis in the axis = 0 position. Then they write code that operates on the 0-axis, and then they use np.swapaxes again to put the 0-axis back in its original position.

You can do that here like so:

import numpy as np
def rev(a, axis = -1):
    a = np.asarray(a).swapaxes(axis, 0)
    a = a[::-1,...]
    a = a.swapaxes(0, axis)
    return a

a = np.arange(24).reshape(2,3,4)

print(rev(a, axis = 2))

yields

[[[ 3  2  1  0]
  [ 7  6  5  4]
  [11 10  9  8]]

 [[15 14 13 12]
  [19 18 17 16]
  [23 22 21 20]]]

回答3:

Turns out this can be done with slice, for which : is shorthand in some contexts. The trick is to build the index object as a tuple of slices:

import numpy as np

def reverse(a, axis=0): 
    idx = [slice(None)]*len(a.shape)
    idx[axis] = slice(None, None, -1)
    return a[idx]

a = np.arange(24).reshape(2,3,4)
print reverse(a, axis=2)

With Ellipsis this can be collapsed into a one-liner:

a[[slice(None)]*axis + [slice(None, None, -1)] + [Ellipsis]]