The docs don't say how, and the tutorial completely ignores for loops.
问题:
回答1:
As of 1.0, for loops work with values of types with the Iterator
trait.
The book describes this technique in chapter 3.5 and chapter 13.2.
If you are interested in how for loops operate, see the described syntactic sugar here:
http://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/index.html
Example:
fn main() {
let strs = ["red", "green", "blue"];
for sptr in strs.iter() {
println!("{}", sptr);
}
}
(Playground)
If you just want to iterate over a range of numbers, as in C's for
loops, you can create a numeric range with the a..b
syntax:
for i in 0..3 {
println!("{}", i);
}
If you need both, the index and the element from an array, the idiomatic way to get that is with the Iterator::enumerate
method:
fn main() {
let strs = ["red", "green", "blue"];
for (i, s) in strs.iter().enumerate() {
println!("String #{} is {}", i, s);
}
}
Notes:
The loop items are borrowed references to the iteratee elements. In this case, the elements of
strs
have type&'static str
- they are borrowed pointers to static strings. This meanssptr
has type&&'static str
so we dereference it as*sptr
. An alternative form which I prefer is:for &s in strs.iter() { println!("{}", s); }
回答2:
Actually, the Loops section of the tutorial does cover for
loops:
When iterating over a vector, use
for
instead.for elt in ["red", "green", "blue"] { std::io::println(elt); }
But if you needed indices, you could do something like the following, using the uint::range
function from the core library (or int::range
or u8::range
or u32::range
or u64::range
) and Rust's syntax for blocks:
range(0u, 64u, {|i| C[i] = A[i] + B[i]});
Rust used to support this equivalent syntax but it was later removed:
range(0u, 64u) {|i|
C[i] = A[i] + B[i];
}
回答3:
for i in range(0, 100)
is now deprecated in favour of for i in 0..100
(according to rustc 1.0.0-nightly
.
Also worth noting, the compiler can't disambiguate when you use an identifier in the range (e.g. for i in 0..a
) so you have to use for i in (0..a)
, but there's a pull request submitted to fix this.
回答4:
Note that as of rustc 0.4 (Oct 2012), the alternate construction of
range(0u, 64u) {|i|
C[i] = A[i] + B[i];
}
appears to not be supported any more.
回答5:
Use int::range.