How can I return an array?

问题:

Is there any way to return an array from a function? More specifically, I've created this function:

char bin[8];

for(int i = 7; i >= 0; i--)
{
    int ascii='a';
    if(2^i-ascii >= 0)
    {
        bin[i]='1';
        ascii=2^i-ascii;
    }
    else
    {
        bin[i]='0';
    }
}

and I need a way to return bin[].

回答1:

Your array is a local variable allocated on the stack. You should use new [] to allocate it on the heap. Then you can just say: return bin;. Beware that you will have to explicitly free it with delete [] when you are done with it.

回答2:

You can't do that but you can:

• return a dynamicaly allocated array - best owned by a smart pointer so that the caller does not have to care about deallocating memory for it - you could also return something like an std::vector this way.
• populate an array/vector passed to you as an argument by pointer (suggested) or a non const reference.

回答3:

You are really asking the wrong question. If you want to do string processing in C++, use the std::string and/or std::vector classes, not arrays of char. Your code then becomes:

vector <char> func() {
    vector <char> bin(8);
    for( int i = 7; i >= 0; i-- ) {
       int ascii='a';
       if ( 2 ^ i - ascii >= 0 ) {
          bin[i] = '1';
          ascii = 2^i - ascii;
       }
       else {
        bin[i] ='0';
       }
    }
    return bin;
}

回答4:

I think your best bet is to use a vector. It can function in many ways like an array and has several upsides (length stored with type, automatic memory management).

void Calculate( std::vector<char>& bin) {
  for(int i = 7; i >= 0; i--)
  {
    int ascii='a';
    if(2^i-ascii >= 0)
    {
        bin.push_back('1');
        ascii=2^i-ascii;
    }
    else
    {
        bin.push_back('0');
    }
  }
}

回答5:

If you want to return a copy of the array (might make sense for small arrays) and the array has fixed size, you can enclose it in a struct;

struct ArrayWrapper {
   char _bin[8];
};

ArrayWrapper func()
{
    ArrayWrapper x;

    // Do your stuff here using x._bin instead of plain bin

    return x;
}

Or just use a std::vector as has been already suggested.

回答6:

Similar implemented to @ari's answer, i want to say there is already a boost solution, boost::array solving your problem:

boost::array<char, 8> f() {
    boost::array<char, 8> bin;
    for(int i = 7; i >= 0; i--) {
        int ascii = 'a';
        if(2 ^ i-ascii >= 0) {
            bin[i] = '1';
            ascii = 2 ^ i-ascii;
        } else {
            bin[i] = '0';
        }
    }
}

...
boost::array<char, 8> a(f());

_{[I'm not sure what you want to do with that algorithm though, but note that i think you want to do 1 << i (bit-wise shift) instead of 2 ^ i which is not exponentiation in C++.]}

Boost array is a normal array, just wrapped in a struct, so you lose no performance what-so-ever. It will also be available in the next C++ version as std::array, and is very easy to do yourself if you don't need the begin()/size()/data()-sugar it adds (to be a container). Just go with the most basic one:

template<typename T, size_t S>
struct array { 
    T t[S];
    T& operator[](ptrdiff_t i) { return t[i]; }
    T const& operator[](ptrdiff_t i) const { return t[i]; }
};

But as usual, use the tools already written by other people, in this case boost::array. It's also got the advantage of being an aggregate (that's why it has no user declared constructor), so it allows initializing with a brace enclosed list:

boost::array<int, 4> a = {{ 1, 2, 3, 4 }};

回答7:

you need to pass array bin as an argument in your function. array always pass by address, therefore you dont need to return any value. it will automatically show you all changes in your main program

void FunctionAbc(char bin[], int size);


void FuncationAbc(bin, size)
{
for(int i = 7; i >= 0; i--)
{
    int ascii='a';
    if(2^i-ascii >= 0)
    {
        bin[i]='1';
        ascii=2^i-ascii;
    }
    else
    {
        bin[i]='0';
    }
}

}

回答8:

You'll want to pass by reference, as follows:

void modifyBin(char (&bin)[8])
{
    /* your function goes here and modifies bin */
}

int main() 
{
    char bin[8];
    modifyBin(bin);
    /* bin has been updated */
    return 0;
}

回答9:

I think that everyone else answered this one... use a container instead of an array. Here's the std::string version:

std::string foo() {
    int ascii = 'a';
    std::string result("00000000");
    for (int i=7; i>=0; --i) {
        if (2^i-ascii >= 0) {
            result[i] = '1';
            ascii = 2^i-ascii;
        }
    }
    return result;
}

I'm not really sure if 2^i-ascii is want you want or not. This will be parsed as (2 ^ (i - ascii)) which is a little strange.