Loading pre-trained word2vec to initialise embeddi

问题:

I am solving a text classification problem. I defined my classifier using the Estimator class with my own model_fn. I would like to use Google's pre-trained word2vec embedding as initial values and then further optimise it for the task at hand.

I saw this post: Using a pre-trained word embedding (word2vec or Glove) in TensorFlow
which explains how to go about it in 'raw' TensorFlow code. However, I would really like to use the Estimator class.

As an extension, I would like to then train this code on Cloud ML Engine, is there a good way of passing in the fairly large file with initial values?

Let's say we have something like:

def build_model_fn():
    def _model_fn(features, labels, mode, params):
        input_layer = features['feat'] #shape=[-1, params["sequence_length"]]
        #... what goes here to initialize W

        embedded = tf.nn.embedding_lookup(W, input_layer)
        ...
        return predictions

estimator = tf.contrib.learn.Estimator(
    model_fn=build_model_fn(),
    model_dir=MODEL_DIR,
    params=params)
estimator.fit(input_fn=read_data, max_steps=2500)

回答1:

Embeddings are typically large enough that the only viable approach is using them to initialize a tf.Variable in your graph. This will allow you to take advantage of param servers in distributed, etc.

For this (and anything else), I would recommend you use the new "core" estimator, tf.estimator.Estimator as this will make things much easier.

From the answer in the link you provided, and knowing that we want a variable not a constant, we can either take approach:

(2) Initialize the variable using a feed dict, or (3) Load the variable from a checkpoint

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I'll cover option (3) first since it's much easier, and better:

In your model_fn, simply initialize a variable using the Tensor returned by a tf.contrib.framework.load_variable call. This requires:

1. That you have a valid TF checkpoint with your embeddings
2. You know the fully qualified name of the embeddings variable within the checkpoint.

The code is pretty simple:

def model_fn(mode, features, labels, hparams):
  embeddings = tf.Variable(tf.contrib.framework.load_variable(
      'gs://my-bucket/word2vec_checkpoints/',
      'a/fully/qualified/scope/embeddings'
  ))
  ....
  return tf.estimator.EstimatorSpec(...)

However this approach won't work for you if your embeddings weren't produced by another TF model, hence option (2).

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For (2), we need to use tf.train.Scaffold which is essentially a configuration object that holds all the options for starting a tf.Session (which estimator intentionally hides for lots of reasons).

You may specify a Scaffold in the tf.train.EstimatorSpec you return in your model_fn.

We create a placeholder in our model_fn, and make it the initializer operation for our embedding variable, then pass an init_feed_dict via the Scaffold. e.g.

def model_fn(mode, features, labels, hparams):
  embed_ph = tf.placeholder(
      shape=[hparams.vocab_size, hparams.embedding_size], 
      dtype=tf.float32)
  embeddings = tf.Variable(embed_ph)
  # Define your model
  return tf.estimator.EstimatorSpec(
      ..., # normal EstimatorSpec args
      scaffold=tf.train.Scaffold(init_feed_dict={embed_ph: my_embedding_numpy_array})
  )

What's happening here is the init_feed_dict will populate the values of the embed_ph placeholder at runtime, which will then allow the embeddings.initialization_op (assignment of the placeholder), to run.

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