Python Password Protection

问题:

I am a beginner so if this question sounds stupid, please bear with me.

I am wondering that when we write code for username/password check in python, if it is not compiled to exe ie script state, won't people will easily open the file and remove the code potion that is doing the password check?

I am assuming that the whole program is entirely written in python, no C or C++.

Even if I use a program like py2exe it can be easily decompiled back to source code. So, does that mean it is useless to do a password check?

How do professional programmers cope with that?

回答1:

Edit: Your revised question makes clear that you're concerned about people editing the code to bypass a password check. Yes, that is quite possible. You can deliver your code in .pyc form, but that won't necessarily prevent someone from decompiling and altering it. Unfortunately, Python's just not designed to prevent code alteration. The best you can do is perform some kind of authentication transaction with a secure server, so that no matter how someone alters the code, they can't bypass that step. Depending on your exact application, that might be overkill.

---

The problem of how to manage password authentication is a tricky security problem on which people spend entire careers. However, here's some information about it, that assumes that you're trying to roll your own password authentication from scratch:

Even for casual password protection, as a general rule, user passwords are not stored in a plaintext form. Instead, usually a reliable one-way hash function is used to create a bit pattern that doesn't resemble the password. When a password is entered, the same hash function is applied and the bit patterns are compared. If they're the same, the likelihood is quite high that the password was entered correctly.

What constitutes a "reliable" hash function is tricky. Several are in common use, and some of the common hash functions are susceptible to known exploits.

Noelkd provides some code that demonstrates this approach, although MD5, which his code uses, is (I believe) one that's been compromised to an extent that there are better choices out there. This article also offers some code to do something similar:

Authentication of Users and Passwords in Python

If your concern is storing the actual password that you have to pass to the SQLite database in plaintext, that's a different problem. Most of the time, I've seen such passwords stored in plaintext in either scripts or a configuration file, and the application is structured in such a way that compromising that password is a matter of modest risk.

回答2:

If you are doing the checking on a user's machine, they can edit the code how they like, pretty much no matter what you do. If you need security like this then the code should be run somewhere inaccessible, for instance a server. "Don't trust the client" is an important computer security principle.

I think what you want to do is make a server script that can only be accessed by a password being given to it by the client program. This server program will function very much like the example code given in other answers: when a new client is created they send a plaintext password to the server which puts it through a one-way encryption, and stores it. Then, when a client wants to use the code that is the main body of your program, they send a password. The server puts this through the one-way encryption, and sees if it matches any stored, hashed passwords. If it does, it executes the code in the main body of the program, and sends the result back to the user.

On a related topic, the other answers suggest using the md5 algorithm. However, this is not the most secure algorithm - while secure enough for many purposes, the hashlib module in the standard library gives other, more secure algorithms, and there is no reason not to use these instead.

回答3:

You can check the hash of what a user has entered vs the hash of your password to check if the user has entered the correct password, I have made a very simple example to show this:

""" Python Password Check """
import hashlib
import sys

password = "2034f6e32958647fdff75d265b455ebf"

def main():
    # Code goes here
    print "Doing some stuff"
    sys.exit(0)


while True:
    input = raw_input("Enter password: ")
    if hashlib.md5(input).hexdigest() == password:
        print "welcome to the program"
        main()
    else:
        print "Wrong Password"

In the example the hashed password is "secretpassword" which hashes to "2034f6e32958647fdff75d265b455ebf" so as you can see even if the source code is decompiled you can still only see the hash of the password rather than the plan text of the password.

To give this a bit of an update for 2016, currently if your hashing passwords in python you should be looking at one of the three following libs:

passlib

>>> # import the hash algorithm
>>> from passlib.hash import sha256_crypt

>>> # generate new salt, and hash a password
>>> hash = sha256_crypt.encrypt("toomanysecrets")
>>> hash
'$5$rounds=80000$zvpXD3gCkrt7tw.1$QqeTSolNHEfgryc5oMgiq1o8qCEAcmye3FoMSuvgToC'

>>> # verifying the password
>>> sha256_crypt.verify("toomanysecrets", hash)
True
>>> sha256_crypt.verify("joshua", hash)
False

Example lifted from here

bcrypt

import bcrypt
password = b"super secret password"
# Hash a password for the first time, with a certain number of rounds
hashed = bcrypt.hashpw(password, bcrypt.gensalt(14))
# Check that a unhashed password matches one that has previously been
#   hashed
if bcrypt.hashpw(password, hashed) == hashed:
    print("It Matches!")
else:
    print("It Does not Match :(")

django-scrypt

回答4:

On a server only server administrators should have the right to change the code. Hence, to change the code you have to have administrator access, and if you do, then you can access everything anyway. :-)

The same goes for a client program. If the only security is the password check, you don't need to get around the password check, you can just read the data files directly.

In both cases, to prevent people that has access to the files from reading those files a password check is not enough. You have to encrypt the data.

回答5:

Let's start with the basic now, shall we? While doing the login credential password encryption, we should always do one way encryption. One way encryption means, you can't decrypt the text once it's encrypted. There'a encryption called md5 which are only one way encryption.

There's already a library available for it in Python called hashlib.

From the python docs:

>>> import hashlib
>>> m = hashlib.md5()
>>> m.update("Nobody inspects")
>>> m.update(" the spammish repetition")
>>> m.digest()
'\xbbd\x9c\x83\xdd\x1e\xa5\xc9\xd9\xde\xc9\xa1\x8d\xf0\xff\xe9'
>>> m.digest_size
16
>>> m.block_size
64

More on this: http://docs.python.org/2/library/hashlib.html?highlight=hashlib#hashlib

回答6:

To protect data stored on the client machine, you have to encrypt it. Period.

If you trust an authorized user, you can use a password-based encryption key (many other answers on Stack Exchange address this), and hope that he is smart enough to protect his computer from malware.

If you don't trust the authorized user (a.k.a. DRM) you are just plain out of luck -- find another project.;-)

回答7:

I have spend the last couple of days refining this and running it through password crackers and it seems to be holding up pretty strong.

Here is my code for you to look at:

import time
import os
import random
import string

passwordScore = 0

def optionOne():
    global passwordScore
    #Code for checking a password
    os.system('cls')
    print('Option One has been selected')
    password = input('Please type in your password here: ')

    #Password check begins
    if (len(password) > 7) and (password.isspace() == False):
        #Check for capitalisation
        for p in password:
            if p.isupper() == True:
                passwordScore += 1
            else:
                pass

        passwordScore += 2
        for s in string.punctuation:
            #Beginning test for special letters
            for p in password:
                if s == p:
                    passwordScore += 1
                else:
                    pass
    else:
        pass

    # Returning results to the user
    if passwordScore >= 5:
        print('Your password is safe enough to use')
        time.sleep(2)
    elif passwordScore == 3:
        print('We believe your password could be safer')
        time.sleep(2)
    else:
        print('Your password is not safe enough to use')
        print('using this password may place your data at risk')
        time.sleep(2)


def optionTwo():
    #Code for creating a password at random
    print('Option Two has been selected')
    chars = string.ascii_uppercase + string.ascii_lowercase + string.digits + string.punctuation
    size = random.randint(8, 12)
    newPassword = ''.join(random.choice(chars) for x in range(size))
    print(newPassword)

def start():
    print('Option 1: Check my passsword')
    print('Option 2: Create a password')
    option = input('Please chose your option here [ENTER]: ')

    if option == '1':
        #Option 1 has been selected
        return optionOne()
    elif option == '2':
        #Option 2 has been selected
        return optionTwo()
    else:
        #An error has occured
        print('You have not selected a valid option')
        time.sleep(1)
        os.system('cls')
        return start()


for i in range(1):
    start()

This should do the job for almost everything as long as you tweak it to your needs!!