Powershell - Invoke-WebRequest to a URL with liter

问题:

I have been trying to access a URL with a / character in it from powershell, using the following command (it's a query to a gitlab server to retrieve a project called "foo/bar"):

Invoke-WebRequest https://server.com/api/v3/projects/foo%2Fbar -Verbose

Now, the odd thing is that using the PowerShell ISE or Visual Studio, the request is OK. When using PowerShell itself, the URL is automatically un-escaped and the request fails. E.g.

In ISE/VS:

$> Invoke-WebRequest https://server.com/api/v3/projects/foo%2Fbar -Verbose
VERBOSE: GET https://server.com/api/v3/projects/foo%2Fbar with 0-byte payload
VERBOSE: received 19903-byte response of content type application/json

StatusCode        : 200
StatusDescription : OK
Content           : .... data ....

In Powershell:

$> Invoke-WebRequest https://server.com/api/v3/projects/foo%2Fbar -Verbose
VERBOSE: GET https://server.com/api/v3/projects/foo/bar with 0-byte payload
Invoke-WebRequest : {"error":"404 Not Found"}
At line:1 char:1
+ Invoke-WebRequest 'https://server.com/api/v3/projects/foo%2Fbar ...
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (System.Net.HttpWebRequest:HttpWebRequest) [Invoke-WebRequest], WebException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : WebCmdletWebResponseException,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.InvokeWebRequestCommand

I have tried adding single and double quotes around the URL, but nothing is helping.

What could be the reason for this behaviour, and how do I make PS not un-escape the URL string?

---

Environment: Windows 7, also tested on Server 2012R2 with same results.

$> $PSVersionTable

Name                           Value
----                           -----
PSVersion                      4.0
WSManStackVersion              3.0
SerializationVersion           1.1.0.1
CLRVersion                     4.0.30319.42000
BuildVersion                   6.3.9600.16406
PSCompatibleVersions           {1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0}
PSRemotingProtocolVersion      2.2

回答1:

Try the URL through this function

function fixuri($uri){
  $UnEscapeDotsAndSlashes = 0x2000000;
  $SimpleUserSyntax = 0x20000;

  $type = $uri.GetType();
  $fieldInfo = $type.GetField("m_Syntax", ([System.Reflection.BindingFlags]::Instance -bor [System.Reflection.BindingFlags]::NonPublic));

  $uriParser = $fieldInfo.GetValue($uri);
  $typeUriParser = $uriParser.GetType().BaseType;
$fieldInfo = $typeUriParser.GetField("m_Flags", ([System.Reflection.BindingFlags]::Instance -bor [System.Reflection.BindingFlags]::NonPublic -bor [System.Reflection.BindingFlags]::FlattenHierarchy));
$uriSyntaxFlags = $fieldInfo.GetValue($uriParser);

$uriSyntaxFlags = $uriSyntaxFlags -band (-bnot $UnEscapeDotsAndSlashes);
$uriSyntaxFlags = $uriSyntaxFlags -band (-bnot $SimpleUserSyntax);
$fieldInfo.SetValue($uriParser, $uriSyntaxFlags);
}

$uri = New-Object System.Uri -ArgumentList ("https://server.com/api/v3/projects/foo%2Fbar")
fixuri $uri

回答2:

I have encountered similar issue in PowerShell 5.1. My purpose was to get a single project by Git Lab Web API. As Web API described:

Get single project
Get a specific project, identified by project ID or NAMESPACE/PROJECT_NAME , which is owned by the authentication user. If using namespaced projects call make sure that the NAMESPACE/PROJECT_NAME is URL-encoded, eg. /api/v3/projects/diaspora%2Fdiaspora (where / is represented by %2F).

What different with nik was that my Invoke-WebRequest call was successful by directly invoke but failed inside a Job. Here's the code:

Start-Job -ScriptBlock {
    try{
        Invoke-WebRequest https://server.com/api/v3/projects/foo%2Fbar -verbose
    } catch {
        Write-Output $_.Exception
    }
}

To Get the output inside a Job. Run command:

> Get-Job | Receive-Job -Keep

And exception as below:

VERBOSE: GET https://server.com/api/v3/projects/foo/bar with 0-byte payload
System.Net.WebException: The remote server returned an error: (404) Not Found.
  at Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.WebRequestPSCmdlet.GetResponse(WebRequest request)
  at Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.WebRequestPSCmdlet.ProcessRecord()

And thanks Oleg SH's answer. My problem was solved. But I think there might be a bug in the Start-Job cmdlet

---

Environment: Windows 7

>$PSVersionTable

Name                           Value
----                           -----
PSVersion                      5.1.14409.1005
PSEdition                      Desktop
PSCompatibleVersions           {1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0...}
BuildVersion                   10.0.14409.1005
CLRVersion                     4.0.30319.42000
WSManStackVersion              3.0
PSRemotingProtocolVersion      2.3
SerializationVersion           1.1.0.1

回答3:

Here is an alternate port of https://stackoverflow.com/a/784937/2864740 - it accepts a string and returns a new URI.

function CreateUriWithoutIncorrectSlashEncoding {
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory)][string]$uri
    )

    $newUri = New-Object System.Uri $uri

    [void]$newUri.PathAndQuery # need to access PathAndQuery (presumably modifies internal state)
    $flagsFieldInfo = $newUri.GetType().GetField("m_Flags", [System.Reflection.BindingFlags]::Instance -bor [System.Reflection.BindingFlags]::NonPublic)
    $flags = $flagsFieldInfo.GetValue($newUri)
    $flags = $flags -band (-bnot 0x30) # remove Flags.PathNotCanonical|Flags.QueryNotCanonical (private enum)
    $flagsFieldInfo.SetValue($newUri, $flags)

    $newUri
}

Usage:

$uri = CreateUriWithoutIncorrectSlashEncoding "https://server.com/api/v3/projects/foo%2Fbar"