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问题:
Is there any way to kick off OptionParser several times in one Ruby program, each with different sets of options?
For example:
$ myscript.rb --subsys1opt a --subsys2opt b
Here, myscript.rb would use subsys1 and subsys2, delegating their options handling logic to them, possibly in a sequence where 'a' is processed first, followed by 'b' in separate OptionParser object; each time picking options only relevant for that context.
A final phase could check that there is nothing unknown left after each part processed theirs.
The use cases are:
In a loosely coupled front-end program, where various components have different arguments, I don't want 'main' to know about everything, just to delegate sets of arguments/options to each part.
Embedding some larger system like RSpec into my application, and I'd to simply pass a command-line through their options without my wrapper knowing those.
I'd be OK with some delimiter option as well, like -- or --vmargs in some Java apps.
There are lots of real world examples for similar things in the Unix world (startx/X, git plumbing and porcelain), where one layer handles some options but propagates the rest to the lower layer.
Out of the box, this doesn't seem to work. Each OptionParse.parse! call will do exhaustive processing, failing on anything it doesn't know about.
I guess I'd happy to skip unknown options.
Any hints, perhaps alternative approaches are welcome.
回答1:
Assuming the order in which the parsers will run is well defined, you can just store the extra options in a temporary global variable and run OptionParser#parse! on each set of options.
The easiest way to do this is to use a delimiter like you alluded to. Suppose the second set of arguments is separated from the first by the delimiter --. Then this will do what you want:
opts = OptionParser.new do |opts|
# set up one OptionParser here
end
both_args = $*.join(" ").split(" -- ")
$extra_args = both_args[1].split(/\s+/)
opts.parse!(both_args[0].split(/\s+/))
Then, in the second code/context, you could do:
other_opts = OptionParser.new do |opts|
# set up the other OptionParser here
end
other_opts.parse!($extra_args)
Alternatively, and this is probably the "more proper" way to do this, you could simply use OptionParser#parse, without the exclamation point, which won't remove the command-line switches from the $* array, and make sure that there aren't options defined the same in both sets. I would advise against modifying the $* array by hand, since it makes your code harder to understand if you are only looking at the second part, but you could do that. You would have to ignore invalid options in this case:
begin
opts.parse
rescue OptionParser::InvalidOption
puts "Warning: Invalid option"
end
The second method doesn't actually work, as was pointed out in a comment. However, if you have to modify the $* array anyway, you can do this instead:
tmp = Array.new
while($*.size > 0)
begin
opts.parse!
rescue OptionParser::InvalidOption => e
tmp.push(e.to_s.sub(/invalid option:\s+/,''))
end
end
tmp.each { |a| $*.push(a) }
It's more than a little bit hack-y, but it should do what you want.
回答2:
I needed a solution that wouldn't throw OptionParser::InvalidOption ever, and couldn't find an elegant solution among the current answers. This monkey patch is based on one of the other answers but cleans it up and makes it work more like the current order! semantics. But see below for an unsolved issue inherent to multiple-pass option parsing.
class OptionParser
# Like order!, but leave any unrecognized --switches alone
def order_recognized!(args)
extra_opts = []
begin
order!(args) { |a| extra_opts << a }
rescue OptionParser::InvalidOption => e
extra_opts << e.args[0]
retry
end
args[0, 0] = extra_opts
end
end
Works just like order! except instead of throwing InvalidOption, it leaves the unrecognized switch in ARGV.
RSpec tests:
describe OptionParser do
before(:each) do
@parser = OptionParser.new do |opts|
opts.on('--foo=BAR', OptionParser::DecimalInteger) { |f| @found << f }
end
@found = []
end
describe 'order_recognized!' do
it 'finds good switches using equals (--foo=3)' do
argv = %w(one two --foo=3 three)
@parser.order_recognized!(argv)
expect(@found).to eq([3])
expect(argv).to eq(%w(one two three))
end
it 'leaves unknown switches alone' do
argv = %w(one --bar=2 two three)
@parser.order_recognized!(argv)
expect(@found).to eq([])
expect(argv).to eq(%w(one --bar=2 two three))
end
it 'leaves unknown single-dash switches alone' do
argv = %w(one -bar=2 two three)
@parser.order_recognized!(argv)
expect(@found).to eq([])
expect(argv).to eq(%w(one -bar=2 two three))
end
it 'finds good switches using space (--foo 3)' do
argv = %w(one --bar=2 two --foo 3 three)
@parser.order_recognized!(argv)
expect(@found).to eq([3])
expect(argv).to eq(%w(one --bar=2 two three))
end
it 'finds repeated args' do
argv = %w(one --foo=1 two --foo=3 three)
@parser.order_recognized!(argv)
expect(@found).to eq([1, 3])
expect(argv).to eq(%w(one two three))
end
it 'maintains repeated non-switches' do
argv = %w(one --foo=1 one --foo=3 three)
@parser.order_recognized!(argv)
expect(@found).to eq([1, 3])
expect(argv).to eq(%w(one one three))
end
it 'maintains repeated unrecognized switches' do
argv = %w(one --bar=1 one --bar=3 three)
@parser.order_recognized!(argv)
expect(@found).to eq([])
expect(argv).to eq(%w(one --bar=1 one --bar=3 three))
end
it 'still raises InvalidArgument' do
argv = %w(one --foo=bar)
expect { @parser.order_recognized!(argv) }.to raise_error(OptionParser::InvalidArgument)
end
it 'still raises MissingArgument' do
argv = %w(one --foo)
expect { @parser.order_recognized!(argv) }.to raise_error(OptionParser::MissingArgument)
end
end
end
Problem: normally OptionParser allows abbreviated options, provided there are enough characters to uniquely identify the intended option. Parsing options in multiple stages breaks this, because OptionParser doesn't see all the possible arguments in the first pass. For example:
describe OptionParser do
context 'one parser with similar prefixed options' do
before(:each) do
@parser1 = OptionParser.new do |opts|
opts.on('--foobar=BAR', OptionParser::DecimalInteger) { |f| @found_foobar << f }
opts.on('--foo=BAR', OptionParser::DecimalInteger) { |f| @found_foo << f }
end
@found_foobar = []
@found_foo = []
end
it 'distinguishes similar prefixed switches' do
argv = %w(--foo=3 --foobar=4)
@parser1.order_recognized!(argv)
expect(@found_foobar).to eq([4])
expect(@found_foo).to eq([3])
end
end
context 'two parsers in separate passes' do
before(:each) do
@parser1 = OptionParser.new do |opts|
opts.on('--foobar=BAR', OptionParser::DecimalInteger) { |f| @found_foobar << f }
end
@parser2 = OptionParser.new do |opts|
opts.on('--foo=BAR', OptionParser::DecimalInteger) { |f| @found_foo << f }
end
@found_foobar = []
@found_foo = []
end
it 'confuses similar prefixed switches' do
# This is not generally desirable behavior
argv = %w(--foo=3 --foobar=4)
@parser1.order_recognized!(argv)
@parser2.order_recognized!(argv)
expect(@found_foobar).to eq([3, 4])
expect(@found_foo).to eq([])
end
end
end
回答3:
I've got the same problem, and I found the following solution:
options = ARGV.dup
remaining = []
while !options.empty?
begin
head = options.shift
remaining.concat(parser.parse([head]))
rescue OptionParser::InvalidOption
remaining << head
retry
end
end
回答4:
For posterity, you can do this with the order! method:
option_parser.order!(args) do |unrecognized_option|
args.unshift(unrecognized_option)
end
At this point, args has been modified - all known options were consumed and handled by option_parser - and can be passed to a different option parser:
some_other_option_parser.order!(args) do |unrecognized_option|
args.unshift(unrecognized_option)
end
Obviously, this solution is order-dependent, but what you are trying to do is somewhat complex and unusual.
One thing that might be a good compromise is to just use -- on the command line to stop processing. Doing that would leave args with whatever followed --, be that more options or just regular arguments.
回答5:
I also needed the same... it took me a while but a relatively simple way has worked fine in the end.
options = {
:input_file => 'input.txt', # default input file
}
opts = OptionParser.new do |opt|
opt.on('-i', '--input FILE', String,
'Input file name',
'Default is %s' % options[:input_file] ) do |input_file|
options[:input_file] = input_file
end
opt.on_tail('-h', '--help', 'Show this message') do
puts opt
exit
end
end
extra_opts = Array.new
orig_args = ARGV.dup
begin
opts.parse!(ARGV)
rescue OptionParser::InvalidOption => e
extra_opts << e.args
retry
end
args = orig_args & ( ARGV | extra_opts.flatten )
"args" will contain all command line arguments without the ones already parsed into the "options" hash. I'm passing this "args" to an external program to be called from this ruby script.
回答6:
Another solution which relies on parse! having a side effect on the argument list even if an error is thrown.
Let's define a method which tries to scan some argument list using a user defined parser and calls itself recursively when an InvalidOption error is thrown, saving the invalid option for later with eventual parameters:
def parse_known_to(parser, initial_args=ARGV.dup)
other_args = [] # this contains the unknown options
rec_parse = Proc.new { |arg_list| # in_method defined proc
begin
parser.parse! arg_list # try to parse the arg list
rescue OptionParser::InvalidOption => e
other_args += e.args # save the unknown arg
while arg_list[0] && arg_list[0][0] != "-" # certainly not perfect but
other_args << arg_list.shift # quick hack to save any parameters
end
rec_parse.call arg_list # call itself recursively
end
}
rec_parse.call initial_args # start the rec call
other_args # return the invalid arguments
end
my_parser = OptionParser.new do
...
end
other_options = parse_known_to my_parser
回答7:
I ran into a similar problem when I was writing a script that wrapped a ruby gem, which needed its own options with arguments passed to it.
I came up with the following solution in which it supports options with arguments for the wrapped tool. It works by parsing it through the first optparser, and separates what it can't use into a seperate array (which can be re-parsed again with another optparse).
optparse = OptionParser.new do |opts|
# OptionParser settings here
end
arguments = ARGV.dup
secondary_arguments = []
first_run = true
errors = false
while errors || first_run
errors = false
first_run = false
begin
optparse.order!(arguments) do |unrecognized_option|
secondary_arguments.push(unrecognized_option)
end
rescue OptionParser::InvalidOption => e
errors = true
e.args.each { |arg| secondary_arguments.push(arg) }
arguments.delete(e.args)
end
end
primary_arguments = ARGV.dup
secondary_arguments.each do |cuke_arg|
primary_arguments.delete(cuke_arg)
end
puts "Primary Args: #{primary_arguments}"
puts "Secondary Args: #{secondary_args}"
optparse.parse(primary_arguments)
# Can parse the second list here, if needed
# optparse_2.parse(secondary_args)
Probably not the greatest or most efficient way of doing it, but it worked for me.
回答8:
I've just moved from Python. Python's ArgumentParser has great method parse_known_args(). But it still doesn't accept second argument, such as:
$ your-app -x 0 -x 1
First -x 0 is your app's argument. Second -x 1 can belong to the target app that you need to forward to. ArgumentParser will raise error in this case.
Now come back to Ruby, you can use #order. Fortunately it accepts unlimited duplicate arguments. For example you need -a and -b. Your target app needs another -a and a mandatory argument some (note that there is no prefix -/--). Normally #parse will ignore mandatory arguments. But with #order, you will get the rest -- great. Note that you have to pass your own app's arguments first, then the target app's arguments.
$ your-app -a 0 -b 1 -a 2 some
And the code should be:
require 'optparse'
require 'ostruct'
# Build default arguments
options = OpenStruct.new
options.a = -1
options.b = -1
# Now parse arguments
target_app_argv = OptionParser.new do |opts|
# Handle your own arguments here
# ...
end.order
puts ' > Options = %s' % [options]
puts ' > Target app argv = %s' % [target_app_argv]
Tada :-)
回答9:
My attempt:
def first_parse
left = []
begin
@options.order!(ARGV) do |opt|
left << opt
end
rescue OptionParser::InvalidOption => e
e.recover(args)
left << args.shift
retry
end
left
end
In my case, I want to scan the options and pick up any predefined options that may set debugging levels, output files, etc. Then I am going to load custom processors which may add to the options. After all the custom processors have been loaded, I call @options.parse!(left) to process the left over options. Note that --help is built in to the options so if you want to not recognize help the first time, you need to do ' OptionParser::Officious.delete('help')' before you create the OptParser and then add in your own help option
回答10:
Parse options up until the first unknown option ... the block might be called multiple times, so make sure that is safe ...
options = {
:input_file => 'input.txt', # default input file
}
opts = OptionParser.new do |opt|
opt.on('-i', '--input FILE', String,
'Input file name',
'Default is %s' % options[:input_file] ) do |input_file|
options[:input_file] = input_file
end
opt.on_tail('-h', '--help', 'Show this message') do
puts opt
exit
end
end
original = ARGV.dup
leftover = []
loop do
begin
opts.parse(original)
rescue OptionParser::InvalidOption
leftover.unshift(original.pop)
else
break
end
end
puts "GOT #{leftover} -- #{original}"
