Python using getattr to call function with variabl

问题:

I'm using getattr to call different functions depending on a variable.

Im doing something like that:

getattr(foo, bar) ()

That works, calling functions like foo.bar()

My problem is that I have 'bar' functions and I want to call it with different parameters. For example:

def f1() :
  pass

def f2(param1) :
  pass

def f3(param1,param2) :
  pass

so 'bar' could be f1, f2, or f3

I tried this: assumming that params is a list which contains all parameters needed for the 'bar' function

getattr(foo, bar) (for p in params :)

I watching for a "clean" solution, with no needed to watch the length on the params variable

回答1:

You could try something like:

getattr(foo, bar)(*params)

This works if params is a list or a tuple. The elements from params will be unpacked in order:

params=(1, 2)
foo(*params)

is equivalent to:

params=(1, 2)
foo(params[0], params[1])

If there are keyword arguments, you can do that too.

getattr(foo, bar)(*params, **keyword_params)

where keyword_params is a dictionary.

Also, This answer is really independent of getattr. It will work for any function/method.

回答2:

This is very simple in Python 3. Here is the example:

class C:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def m(self, x):
        print(f"{self.name} called with param '{x}'")
        return

ci = C("Joe", 10)
print(C)
print(ci)
print(C.m)
print(ci.m)
print(getattr(ci,'m'))
getattr(ci,'m')('arg')

---

<class '__main__.C'>
<__main__.C object at 0x000001AF4025FF28>
<function C.m at 0x000001AF40272598>
<bound method C.m of <__main__.C object at 0x000001AF4025FF28>>
<bound method C.m of <__main__.C object at 0x000001AF4025FF28>>
Joe called with param 'arg'

Note that getattr is from the builtins module, takes in our case the two parameters, the class instance ci and the string representing the name of the function.

We could also define the defult value for the parameter.

def m(self, x=None):
    print(f"{self.name} caled with param '{x}'")
    return

In which case we may call:

getattr(ci,'m')()

回答3:

A maybe more readable way, which is better for handling exceptions:

class foo:
    def method_xy(self, *args, **kwargs):
        print(f'args:{args}, kwargs:{kwargs}')


bar = 'method_xy'
xi = foo()
try:
    func_name = getattr(xi, bar)
except AttributeError:
    # handle missing method
    pass

args = ['bla1', 'bla2']
kwargs = {'a1': 1, 'a2': 2}

try:
    result = func_name(*args, **kwargs)
except TypeError:
    # handle Problems with arguments
    pass