I just created a Instead After Trigger whose syntax is given below:
Create trigger tgrInsteadTrigger on copytableto
Instead of Insert as
Declare @store_name varchar(30);
declare @sales int;
declare @date datetime;
select @store_name = i.store_name from inserted i
select @sales = i.sales from inserted i
select @date = i.Date from inserted i
begin
if (@sales > 1000)
begin
RAISERROR('Cannot Insert where salary > 1000',16,1); ROLLBACK;
end
else
begin
insert into copytablefrom(store_name, sales, date) values (@store_name, @sales, @date);
Print 'Instead After Trigger Executed';
end
End
In the above syntax I have used RAISERROR('Cannot Insert where salary > 1000',16,1)
But when I write RAISERROR('Cannot Insert where salary > 1000') it gives the error "Incorrect syntax near ')'" on the same line.
Can anyone please explain the use of (16,1) here.
It is the severity level of the error. The levels are from 11 - 20 which throw an error in SQL. The higher the level, the more severe the level and the transaction should be aborted.
You will get the syntax error when you do:
RAISERROR('Cannot Insert where salary > 1000').
Because you have not specified the correct parameters (severity level or state).
If you wish to issue a warning and not an exception, use levels 0 - 10.
From MSDN:
severity
Is the user-defined severity level associated with this message. When
using msg_id to raise a user-defined message created using
sp_addmessage, the severity specified on RAISERROR overrides the
severity specified in sp_addmessage. Severity levels from 0 through 18
can be specified by any user. Severity levels from 19 through 25 can
only be specified by members of the sysadmin fixed server role or
users with ALTER TRACE permissions. For severity levels from 19
through 25, the WITH LOG option is required.
state
Is an integer from 0 through 255. Negative values or values
larger than 255 generate an error. If the same user-defined error is
raised at multiple locations, using a unique state number for each
location can help find which section of code is raising the errors.
For detailed description here
16 is severity and 1 is state, more specifically following example might give you more detail on syntax and usage:
BEGIN TRY
-- RAISERROR with severity 11-19 will cause execution to
-- jump to the CATCH block.
RAISERROR ('Error raised in TRY block.', -- Message text.
16, -- Severity.
1 -- State.
);
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
DECLARE @ErrorMessage NVARCHAR(4000);
DECLARE @ErrorSeverity INT;
DECLARE @ErrorState INT;
SELECT
@ErrorMessage = ERROR_MESSAGE(),
@ErrorSeverity = ERROR_SEVERITY(),
@ErrorState = ERROR_STATE();
-- Use RAISERROR inside the CATCH block to return error
-- information about the original error that caused
-- execution to jump to the CATCH block.
RAISERROR (@ErrorMessage, -- Message text.
@ErrorSeverity, -- Severity.
@ErrorState -- State.
);
END CATCH;
You can follow and try out more examples from http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms178592.aspx
according to MSDN
RAISERROR ( { msg_id | msg_str | @local_variable }
{ ,severity ,state }
[ ,argument [ ,...n ] ] )
[ WITH option [ ,...n ] ]
16 would be the severity.
1 would be the state.
The error you get is because you have not properly supplied the required parameters for the RAISEERROR function.
The severity level 16 in your example code is typically used for user-defined (user-detected) errors. The SQL Server DBMS itself emits severity levels (and error messages) for problems it detects, both more severe (higher numbers) and less so (lower numbers).
The state should be an integer between 0 and 255 (negative values will give an error), but the choice is basically the programmer's. It is useful to put different state values if the same error message for user-defined error will be raised in different locations, e.g. if the debugging/troubleshooting of problems will be assisted by having an extra indication of where the error occurred.
