问题:

I want to be able to have two instances which are completely independent in the sense that I can be working on two separate unrelated projects in different folders without any interference.

回答1:

(Spyder dev here) This is very easy. You need to go to:

Tools > Prefences > General

and click "Advanced Settings" tab, and deactivate the option called

[ ] Use a single instance

Then every time you start Spyder a new window will be opened. If you want the old behavior back, just activate that option again.

回答2:

You can use the --new-instance option as well. Just run

spyder --new-instance

回答3:

Although clicking on the Spyder icon will not allow you to open two instances, you can open a second instance by simply going to the folder where spyder.py is and running spyder.py from the command line.

Further, you could make an icon for your desktop that simply runs spyder.py from its location. However, I don't know how multiple instances will affect user preferences if Spyder has those.