Rspec doesn't see my model Class. uninitialize

问题:

I'm writing tests on Rspec for my models in Ruby on Rails application. And I receive this error while starting 'rspec spec'

command:
/spec/models/client_spec.rb:4:in `<top (required)>': uninitialized constant Client (NameError)

I use Rails 4.0.0 and Ruby 2.0.0

Here is my client_spec.rb:

require 'spec_helper'


describe Client do

  it 'is invalid without first_name', :focus => true do
     client = Client.new
     client.should_not be_valid
  end
end

And Gemfile:

source 'https://rubygems.org'

# Bundle edge Rails instead: gem 'rails', github: 'rails/rails'
gem 'rails', '4.0.0.rc1'

# Use sqlite3 as the database for Active Record
gem 'sqlite3'

# Use SCSS for stylesheets
gem 'sass-rails', '~> 4.0.0.rc1'

# Use Uglifier as compressor for JavaScript assets
gem 'uglifier', '>= 1.3.0'

# Use CoffeeScript for .js.coffee assets and views
gem 'coffee-rails', '~> 4.0.0'

# gem 'therubyracer', platforms: :ruby

# Use jquery as the JavaScript library
gem 'jquery-rails'

# Turbolinks makes following links in your web application faster. Read more: 
gem 'turbolinks'

gem 'jbuilder', '~> 1.0.1'

group :development do
  gem 'rspec-rails'
end

group :doc do
  # bundle exec rake doc:rails generates the API under doc/api.
  gem 'sdoc', require: false
end

group :test do
  gem 'rspec-rails'
  gem 'factory_girl_rails'
  gem 'database_cleaner'
end

And at last client.rb (ROR Model and Class):

class Client < ActiveRecord::Base

  has_many :cars
  has_many :orders
  has_one :client_status
  has_one :discount_plan, through: :client_status

  validates :email, format: { with: /^[_a-z0-9-]+(\.[_a-z0-9-]+)*@[a-z0-9-]+(\.[a-z0-9-]+)*(\.[a-z]{2,4})\z/, :message => "Only emails allowed", :multiline => true }
  validates :email, presence: true, if: "phone.nil?"
  #validates :phone, presence: true, if: "email.nil?"
  validates :last_name, :first_name, presence: true
  validates :last_name, :first_name, length: {
      minimum: 2,
      maximum: 500,
      wrong_length: "Invalid length",
      too_long: "%{count} characters is the maximum allowed",
      too_short: "must have at least %{count} characters"
     }
end

If it'd be useful my spec_helper.rb file:

# This file was generated by the `rspec --init` command. Conventionally, all
# specs live under a `spec` directory, which RSpec adds to the `$LOAD_PATH`.
# Require this file using `require "spec_helper"` to ensure that it is only
# loaded once.
#
# See http://rubydoc.info/gems/rspec-core/RSpec/Core/Configuration
RSpec.configure do |config|
  config.treat_symbols_as_metadata_keys_with_true_values = true
  config.run_all_when_everything_filtered = true
  config.filter_run :focus

  # Run specs in random order to surface order dependencies. If you find an
  # order dependency and want to debug it, you can fix the order by providing
  # the seed, which is printed after each run.
  #     --seed 1234
  config.order = 'random'

  #config.use_transactional_fixtures = false

  config.before(:suite) do
    DatabaseCleaner.strategy = :transaction
    DatabaseCleaner.clean_with(:truncation)
  end

   config.before(:each) do
     DatabaseCleaner.start
   end

   config.after(:each) do
     DatabaseCleaner.clean
   end

  end

回答1:

Your spec_helper file is missing some important commands. Specifically, it's not including config/environment and initializing rspec-rails.

You can add the following lines to the start of your spec/spec_helper.rb file

ENV["RAILS_ENV"] ||= 'test'
require File.expand_path("../../config/environment", __FILE__)
require 'rspec/rails'
require 'rspec/autorun'

or you can just run

rails generate rspec:install

and overwrite your spec_helper with one generated for use with rspec-rails.

回答2:

In rails 4.x (rspec-rails 3.1.0) use

require "rails_helper"  # this

not

require "spec_helper"   # not this

in your spec files

回答3:

You might also like to add --require rails_helper in your .rspec file so that it looks like this.

--color
--require spec_helper
--require rails_helper

You won't need to require rails_helper in all your specs, after this.

回答4:

I'm using Rails 5.0.0.1.
Here's how I resolved this concern.

On your Gemfile, please add -> gem 'rspec-rails', ">= 2.0.0.beta"

Like so,

group :development, :test do
  gem 'rspec-rails', ">= 2.0.0.beta"
end

Reason: if the rspec-rails is not added and when you execute the rspec command, it will generate this error -> "cannot load such file -- rails_helper"

Now, execute this command on the terminal.

bundle install

Once bundle command went good, execute the rails generate. Like so,

rails generate rspec:install

Reason: this command will create a new .rspec(hit overwrite when prompted), spec/rails_helper.rb and spec/spec_helper.rb

Now, at this point, rspec should pretty much run properly.
However, if you encounter an error where in the model is not found e.g. cannot load such file -- idea, try adding this on top of your spec/spec_helper.rb

require 'rubygems'
ENV["RAILS_ENV"] ||= 'test'
require File.expand_path("../../config/environment", __FILE__)

Reason: seems that spec_helper is not loading the Rails environment. We're requiring it.

Hope this helps!

回答5:

Things have moved a bit since this thread has been created, I have experienced the uninitialized constant ClassName (NameError) error too using Ruby 2.1, Rails 4.2, rspec-rails 3.3.

I have solved my problems reading the rspec-rails gem documentation :

https://github.com/rspec/rspec-rails#model-specs

where it confirms what Swards says about requiring "rails_helper" not "spec_helper" anymore.

Also my model specification looks more like the one from the gem docs

RSpec.describe Url, :type => :model do
    it 'is invalid without first_name', :focus => true do
        client = Client.new
        client.should_not be_valid
    end
end

回答6:

Factories folder define in your app

FactoryBot.define do
  factory :user_params , :class => 'User' do
    username 'Alagesan'
    password '$1234@..'

  end
end

Your Controller RSpec file:

it 'valid params' do
  post :register, params: {:user => user_params } 
end

回答7:

If other answers under this question don't work, try:

• Check if there is any typo in the file name or class name (they should match)

Other wise,

• Check your config/environment/test.rb file, see if there is config.eager_load = false, set it to true.

You should check in the written order since you don't want to solve the issue with the typo laying there.