Redirect C++ std::clog to syslog on Unix

问题:

I work on Unix on a C++ program that send messages to syslog.

The current code uses the syslog system call that works like printf.

Now I would prefer to use a stream for that purpose instead, typically the built-in std::clog. But clog merely redirect output to stderr, not to syslog and that is useless for me as I also use stderr and stdout for other purposes.

I've seen in another answer that it's quite easy to redirect it to a file using rdbuf() but I see no way to apply that method to call syslog as openlog does not return a file handler I could use to tie a stream on it.

Is there another method to do that ? (looks pretty basic for unix programming) ?

Edit: I'm looking for a solution that does not use external library. What @Chris is proposing could be a good start but is still a bit vague to become the accepted answer.

Edit: using Boost.IOStreams is OK as my project already use Boost anyway.

Linking with external library is possible but is also a concern as it's GPL code. Dependencies are also a burden as they may conflict with other components, not be available on my Linux distribution, introduce third-party bugs, etc. If this is the only solution I may consider completely avoiding streams... (a pity).

回答1:

I needed something simple like this too, so I just put this together:

log.h:

#include <streambuf>
#include <syslog.h>
enum LogPriority {
    kLogEmerg   = LOG_EMERG,   // system is unusable
    kLogAlert   = LOG_ALERT,   // action must be taken immediately
    kLogCrit    = LOG_CRIT,    // critical conditions
    kLogErr     = LOG_ERR,     // error conditions
    kLogWarning = LOG_WARNING, // warning conditions
    kLogNotice  = LOG_NOTICE,  // normal, but significant, condition
    kLogInfo    = LOG_INFO,    // informational message
    kLogDebug   = LOG_DEBUG    // debug-level message
};

std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream& os, const LogPriority& log_priority);

class Log : public std::basic_streambuf<char, std::char_traits<char> > {
public:
    explicit Log(std::string ident, int facility);

protected:
    int sync();
    int overflow(int c);

private:
    friend std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream& os, const LogPriority& log_priority);
    std::string buffer_;
    int facility_;
    int priority_;
    char ident_[50];
};

log.cc:

#include <cstring>
#include <ostream>
#include "log.h"

Log::Log(std::string ident, int facility) {
    facility_ = facility;
    priority_ = LOG_DEBUG;
    strncpy(ident_, ident.c_str(), sizeof(ident_));
    ident_[sizeof(ident_)-1] = '\0';

    openlog(ident_, LOG_PID, facility_);
}

int Log::sync() {
    if (buffer_.length()) {
        syslog(priority_, "%s", buffer_.c_str());
        buffer_.erase();
        priority_ = LOG_DEBUG; // default to debug for each message
    }
    return 0;
}

int Log::overflow(int c) {
    if (c != EOF) {
        buffer_ += static_cast<char>(c);
    } else {
        sync();
    }
    return c;
}

std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream& os, const LogPriority& log_priority) {
    static_cast<Log *>(os.rdbuf())->priority_ = (int)log_priority;
    return os;
}

In main() I initialize clog:

std::clog.rdbuf(new Log("foo", LOG_LOCAL0));

Then whenever I want to log, it's easy:

std::clog << kLogNotice << "test log message" << std::endl;

std::clog << "the default is debug level" << std::endl;

回答2:

You could define an streambuf that calls syslog. For example:

// Pseudo-code
class syslog_streambuf : public streambuf { 
private: 
    void internal_log(string& log) { 
        syslog(..., log, ...); 
    }
public: 
    int sputc ( char c ) { 
        internal_log(...); 
    }
    streamsize sputn ( const char * s, streamsize n ) { 
        internal_log(...); 
    } 
}

then you would simply write the following to redirect clog:

clog.rdbuf( new syslog_streambuf ); 

There are a few more functions you would probably have to override, here's a good reference to the streambuf api.

回答3:

Another version in part inspired by eater. It doesn't redirect std::clog per se, but uses familiar stream syntax.

#ifndef SYSLOG_HPP
#define SYSLOG_HPP

#include <ostream>
#include <streambuf>
#include <string>

#include <syslog.h>

namespace log
{

enum level
{
    emergency = LOG_EMERG,
    alert     = LOG_ALERT,
    critical  = LOG_CRIT,
    error     = LOG_ERR,
    warning   = LOG_WARNING,
    notice    = LOG_NOTICE,
    info      = LOG_INFO,
    debug     = LOG_DEBUG,
};

enum type
{
    auth   = LOG_AUTH,
    cron   = LOG_CRON,
    daemon = LOG_DAEMON,
    local0 = LOG_LOCAL0,
    local1 = LOG_LOCAL1,
    local2 = LOG_LOCAL2,
    local3 = LOG_LOCAL3,
    local4 = LOG_LOCAL4,
    local5 = LOG_LOCAL5,
    local6 = LOG_LOCAL6,
    local7 = LOG_LOCAL7,
    print  = LOG_LPR,
    mail   = LOG_MAIL,
    news   = LOG_NEWS,
    user   = LOG_USER,
    uucp   = LOG_UUCP,
};

}

class syslog_stream;

class syslog_streambuf: public std::basic_streambuf<char>
{
public:
    explicit syslog_streambuf(const std::string& name, log::type type):
        std::basic_streambuf<char>()
    {
        openlog(name.size() ? name.data() : nullptr, LOG_PID, type);
    }
    ~syslog_streambuf() override { closelog(); }

protected:
    int_type overflow(int_type c = traits_type::eof()) override
    {
        if(traits_type::eq_int_type(c, traits_type::eof()))
            sync();
        else buffer += traits_type::to_char_type(c);

        return c;
    }

    int sync() override
    {
        if(buffer.size())
        {
            syslog(level, "%s", buffer.data());

            buffer.clear();
            level = ini_level;
        }
        return 0;
    }

    friend class syslog_stream;
    void set_level(log::level new_level) noexcept { level = new_level; }

private:
    static constexpr log::level ini_level = log::info;
    log::level level = ini_level;

    std::string buffer;
};

class syslog_stream: public std::basic_ostream<char>
{
public:
    explicit syslog_stream(const std::string& name = std::string(), log::type type = log::user):
        std::basic_ostream<char>(&streambuf),
        streambuf(name, type)
    { }

    syslog_stream& operator<<(log::level level) noexcept
    {
        streambuf.set_level(level);
        return (*this);
    }

private:
    syslog_streambuf streambuf;
};

#endif // SYSLOG_HPP

To use it, you can do something like:

syslog_stream clog;

clog << "Hello, world!" << std::endl;
clog << log::emergency << "foo" << "bar" << "baz" << 42 << std::endl;

回答4:

I designed a OStreamedLog class very similar to what was shown above, except my OStreamedLog objects are set up to use an arbitrary ostringstream object, like @Basilevs suggested.

First, there is the class definition of Log, very similar to what @eater and @Chris Kaminski mentioned above. Then, my OStreamedLog class definition, which contains a Log object:

class OStreamedLog : public ostringstream
{
   public:
     OStreamedLog (const char* ident, int facility)
     {
          log = new Log (ident, facility);
          (static_cast<ostream*>(this))->rdbuf (log);
     }
   private:
     Log* log;
};

Now, when you need to log, just call:

OStreamedLog someLog ("MyOwnProgramThatNeedsLogging", LOG_LOCAL1);
someLog << "Log testing" << endl;
someLog << LOG_ERR << "some other error log" << endl;

Of course, you could collapse the whole Log definition into your OStreamedLog class, but you might want to do other things in your base Log object and use wrappers like above to differentiate the different types of logs. For example you could have human-readable diagnostic logs (sent as ASCII text), binary logs (for processing later) or a TLS-streaming log (to a northbound server, for example).