python: dynamically adding attributes to a built-i

问题:

Why doesn't it work for the built-in classes?

Is using a subclass the best approach to fix it, or will I run into some hidden problems?

a = {}
a.p = 1 # raises AttributeError
class B(dict):
  pass
b = B()
b.p = 1 # works

EDIT: my original comment that it doesn't work for b was incorrect (I made a mistake).

回答1:

The builtin classes do not have the ability to have arbitrary attributes. This is done for reasons of performance, especially memory usage, you want the built-in classes like list and dict to be as small as possible so you can have many of them.

Therefore the built-in classes do not have the __dict__ dictionary that is needed for arbitrary attributes to work.

You can achieve the same for your classes. If they are written in C you simply do not implement the __dict__ support. If they are written in Python you use slots.

回答2:

If you want to subclass dict you can always use UserDict (here the documentation).

And it works with what you're trying to do:

from collections import UserDict

a = UserDict()
a.p = 10 # works fine