Why this example is stuck in an infinite loop in C

问题:

This question already has answers here:

Why is scanf() causing infinite loop in this code? (15 answers)

Closed 6 years ago.

In the example below, if I enter a character in Mac OS X terminal, the program will get stuck in an infinite loop, printing Please enter a number: line after line and never allowing the user to input anything. What's wrong with this code? What is the fix? I want to change the code in a way that if a number is not entered, the user is prompted with an error message and asked to enter a number again.

#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {

    int number = 0, isnumber;
    getagin: printf("Please enter a number:\n");
    isnumber = scanf("%i", &number);
    if(isnumber) {
        printf("You enterd a number and it was %i\n", number);
    } else {
        printf("You did not eneter a number.\n");
        goto getagin;
    }

    return 0;
}

Edit: I edited the code after reading the suggestions, and fixed the infinite loop problem. This is not a bad fix for the infinite loop problem, and with a simple for loop I tell C to search for any none numeric character. The code below won't allow inputs like 123abc.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {

    char line[10];
    int loop, arrayLength, number, nan;
    arrayLength = sizeof(line) / sizeof(char);
    do {
        nan = 0;
        printf("Please enter a number:\n");
        fgets(line, arrayLength, stdin);
        for(loop = 0; loop < arrayLength; loop++) { // search for any none numeric charcter inisde the line array
            if(line[loop] == '\n') { // stop the search if there is a carrage return
                break;
            }
            if((line[0] == '-' || line[0] == '+') && loop == 0) {
                continue;
            } // Exculude the sign charcters infront of numbers so the program can accept both negative and positive numbers
            if(!isdigit(line[loop])) { // if there is a none numeric character then add one to nan and break the loop
                nan++;
                break;
            }
        }
    } while(nan || strlen(line) == 1); // check if there is any NaN or the user has just hit enter
    sscanf(line, "%d", &number);
    printf("You enterd number %d\n", number);
    return 0;
}

回答1:

The reason that you are getting infinite loop on entering a non-digit is the non-digit character left in the buffer as it is not read by the scanf for the next read of scanf (as it doesn't matches the format specifier). on next iteration scanf again finds this character and do not read it and exit immediately. This happens repeatedly and you are getting an infinite loop. Place a while(getchar() != '\n'); statement to consume this character.

Try this

#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {

    int number = 0, isnumber;
    getagin: printf("Please enter a number:\n");
    isnumber = scanf("%i", &number);
    if(isnumber) {
        printf("You enterd a number and it was %i\n", number);
    } else {
        printf("You did not eneter a number.\n");
        while(getchar() != '\n'); // T consume all non-digits
        goto getagin;
    }

    return 0;
}