Best way to create custom config options for my Ra

问题:

I need to create one config option for my Rails application. It can be the same for all environments. I found that if I set it in environment.rb, it's available in my views, which is exactly what I want...

environment.rb

AUDIOCAST_URI_FORMAT = http://blablalba/blabbitybla/yadda

Works great.

However, I'm a little uneasy. Is this a good way to do it? Is there a way that's more hip?

回答1:

For general application configuration that doesn't need to be stored in a database table, I like to create a config.yml file within the config directory. For your example, it might look like this:

defaults: &defaults
  audiocast_uri_format: http://blablalba/blabbitybla/yadda

development:
  <<: *defaults

test:
  <<: *defaults

production:
  <<: *defaults

This configuration file gets loaded from a custom initializer in config/initializers:

# Rails 2
APP_CONFIG = YAML.load_file("#{RAILS_ROOT}/config/config.yml")[RAILS_ENV]

# Rails 3+
APP_CONFIG = YAML.load_file(Rails.root.join('config/config.yml'))[Rails.env]

If you're using Rails 3, ensure you don't accidentally add a leading slash to your relative config path.

You can then retrieve the value using:

uri_format = APP_CONFIG['audiocast_uri_format']

See this Railscast for full details.

回答2:

Rails 3 version of initialiser code is as follows (RAILS_ROOT & RAILS_ENV are deprecated)

APP_CONFIG = YAML.load_file(Rails.root.join('config', 'config.yml'))[Rails.env]

Also, Ruby 1.9.3 uses Psych which makes merge keys case sensitive so you'll need to change your config file to take that into account, e.g.

defaults: &DEFAULTS
  audiocast_uri_format: http://blablalba/blabbitybla/yadda

development:
  <<: *DEFAULTS

test:
  <<: *DEFAULTS

production:
  <<: *DEFAULTS

回答3:

Rails >= 4.2

Just create a YAML file into config/ directory, for example: config/neo4j.yml.

Content of neo4j.yml can be somthing like below(For simplicity, I used default for all environments):

default: &default
  host: localhost
  port: 7474
  username: neo4j
  password: root

development:
  <<: *default

test:
  <<: *default

production:
  <<: *default

in config/application.rb:

module MyApp
  class Application < Rails::Application
    config.neo4j = config_for(:neo4j)
  end
end

Now, your custom config is accessible like below:

Rails.configuration.neo4j['host'] #=>localhost
Rails.configuration.neo4j['port'] #=>7474

---

More info

Rails official API document describes config_for method as:

Convenience for loading config/foo.yml for the current Rails env.

---

If you do not want to use a yaml file

As Rails official guide says:

You can configure your own code through the Rails configuration object with custom configuration under the config.x property.

Example

config.x.payment_processing.schedule = :daily
config.x.payment_processing.retries  = 3
config.x.super_debugger = true

These configuration points are then available through the configuration object:

Rails.configuration.x.payment_processing.schedule # => :daily
Rails.configuration.x.payment_processing.retries  # => 3
Rails.configuration.x.super_debugger              # => true
Rails.configuration.x.super_debugger.not_set      # => nil

---

Official Reference for config_for method | Official Rails Guide

回答4:

Step 1: Create config/initializers/appconfig.rb

require 'ostruct'
require 'yaml'

all_config = YAML.load_file("#{Rails.root}/config/config.yml") || {}
env_config = all_config[Rails.env] || {}
AppConfig = OpenStruct.new(env_config)

Step 2: Create config/config.yml

common: &common
  facebook:
    key: 'asdjhasxas'
    secret : 'xyz'
  twitter:
    key: 'asdjhasxas'
    secret : 'abx'

development:
  <<: *common

test:
  <<: *common

production:
  <<: *common

Step 3: Get constants anywhere in the code

facebook_key = AppConfig.facebook['key']
twitter_key  = AppConfig.twitter['key']

回答5:

I just wanted to update this for the latest cool stuff in Rails 4.2 and 5, you can now do this inside any of your config/**/*.rb files:

config.x.whatever = 42

(and that's a literal x in there, ie. the config.x. literally must be that, and then you can add whatever you want after the x)

...and this will be available in your app as:

Rails.configuration.x.whatever

See more here: http://guides.rubyonrails.org/configuring.html#custom-configuration

回答6:

Just some extra info on this topic:

APP_CONFIG = YAML.load_file(Rails.root.join('config', 'config.yml'))[Rails.env].with_indifferent_access

".with_indifferent_access" allows you to access the values in the hash using a string key or with an equivalent symbol key.

eg.
APP_CONFIG['audiocast_uri_format'] => 'http://blablalba/blabbitybla/yadda' APP_CONFIG[:audiocast_uri_format] => 'http://blablalba/blabbitybla/yadda'

Purely a convenience thing, but I prefer to have my keys represented as symbols.

回答7:

I use something similar to John for Rails 3.0/3.1, but I have erb parse the file first:

APP_CONFIG = YAML.load(ERB.new(File.new(File.expand_path('../config.yml', __FILE__)).read).result)[Rails.env]

This allows me to use ERB in my config if I need to, like reading heroku's redistogo url:

production:
  <<: *default
  redis:                  <%= ENV['REDISTOGO_URL'] %>

回答8:

Rails 4

To create a custom configuration yaml and load it (and make available to your app) similar to how database_configuration.

Create your *.yml, in my case I needed a redis configuration file.

config/redis.yml

default: &default
  host: localhost
  port: 6379

development:
  <<: *default

test:
  <<: *default

production:
  <<: *default
  host: <%= ENV['ELASTICACHE_HOST'] %>
  port: <%= ENV['ELASTICACHE_PORT'] %>

Then load the configuration

config/application.rb

module MyApp
  class Application < Rails::Application

    ## http://guides.rubyonrails.org/configuring.html#initialization-events
    config.before_initialize do
      Rails.configuration.redis_configuration = YAML.load_file("#{Rails.root}/config/redis.yml")
    end

  end
end

Access the values:

Rails.configuration.redis_configuration[Rails.env] similar to how you can have access to your database.yml by Rails.configuration.database_configuration[Rails.env]

回答9:

Building on Omer Aslam's elegant solution, I decided to convert the keys into symbols. The only change is:

all_config = YAML.load_file("#{Rails.root}/config/config.yml").with_indifferent_access || {}

This allows you to then reference values by symbols as keys, e.g.

AppConfig[:twitter][:key]

This seems neater to my eyes.

(Posted as an answer as my reputation isn't high enough to comment on Omer's reply)

回答10:

I like simpleconfig. It allows you to have per environment configuration.

回答11:

see my response to Where is the best place to store application parameters : database, file, code...?

A variation to what you had in that it's a simple reference to another file. It sees that environment.rb isn't constantly updated and doesn't have a heap of app specific stuff in it. Though not a specific answer to your question of 'is it the Rails way?', perhaps there'll be some discussion there about that.

回答12:

I prefer accessing settings through the global application stack. I avoid excess global variables in local scope.

config/initializers/myconfig.rb

MyAppName::Application.define_singleton_method("myconfig") {YAML.load_file("#{Rails.root}/config/myconfig.yml") || {}}

And access it with.

MyAppName::Application.myconfig["yamlstuff"]

回答13:

My way to load Settings before Rails initialize

Allows you to use settings in Rails initialization and configure settings per environment

# config/application.rb
Bundler.require(*Rails.groups)

mode = ENV['RAILS_ENV'] || 'development'
file = File.dirname(__FILE__).concat('/settings.yml')
Settings = YAML.load_file(file).fetch(mode)
Settings.define_singleton_method(:method_missing) {|name| self.fetch(name.to_s, nil)}

You could get settings in two ways: Settings['email'] or Settings.email

回答14:

My best way to custom config, with raise message when setting.yml is missing.

gets loaded from a custom initializer in config/initializers/custom_config.rb

setting_config = File.join(Rails.root,'config','setting.yml')
raise "#{setting_config} is missing!" unless File.exists? setting_config
config = YAML.load_file(setting_config)[Rails.env].symbolize_keys

@APP_ID = config[:app_id]
@APP_SECRET = config[:app_secret]

Create a YAML in config/setting.yml

development:
  app_id: 433387212345678
  app_secret: f43df96fc4f65904083b679412345678

test:
  app_id: 148166412121212
  app_secret: 7409bda8139554d11173a32222121212

production:
  app_id: 148166412121212
  app_secret: 7409bda8139554d11173a32222121212