Can't install gems on OS X “El Capitan”

问题:

I am not able to install and run fakes3 gem on El Capitan Beta 5.

I tried:

sudo gem install fakes3
ERROR:  While executing gem ... (Errno::EPERM)
    Operation not permitted - /usr/bin/fakes3

Then I tried doing it the cocoapods way. It worked for cocoapods but not for fakes3.

mkdir -p $HOME/Software/ruby
export GEM_HOME=$HOME/Software/ruby
gem install cocoapods
[...]
1 gem installed
gem install fakes3
ERROR:  While executing gem ... (Gem::FilePermissionError)
    You don't have write permissions for the /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0 directory.

回答1:

Disclaimer: @theTinMan and other Ruby developers often point out not to use sudo when installing gems and point to things like RVM. That's absolutely true when doing Ruby development. Go ahead and use that.

However, many of us just want some binary that happens to be distributed as a gem (e.g. fakes3, cocoapods, xcpretty …). I definitely don't want to bother with managing a separate ruby. Here are your quicker options:

Option 1: Keep using sudo

Using sudo is probably fine if you want these tools to be installed globally.

The problem is that these binaries are installed into /usr/bin, which is off-limits since El Capitan. However, you can install them into /usr/local/bin instead. That's where Homebrew install its stuff, so it probably exists already.

sudo gem install fakes3 -n/usr/local/bin

Gems will be installed into /usr/local/bin and every user on your system can use them if it's in their PATH.

Option 2: Install in your home directory (without sudo)

The following will install gems in ~/.gem and put binaries in ~/bin (which you should then add to your PATH).

gem install fakes3 --user-install -n~/bin

Make it the default

Either way, you can add these parameters to your ~/.gemrc so you don't have to remember them:

gem: -n/usr/local/bin

i.e. echo "gem: -n/usr/local/bin" >> ~/.gemrc

or

gem: --user-install -n~/bin

i.e. echo "gem: --user-install -n~/bin" >> ~/.gemrc

(Tip: You can also throw in --no-document to skip generating Ruby developer documentation.)

回答2:

In my case, I had to re-install Ruby using Brew. That seems to have solved the problem as I can install gems again.

brew install ruby

After this, you need to log out and log back in, either graphically or just restarting your terminal.

回答3:

That is because of the new security function of OS X "El Capitan". Try adding --user-install instead of using sudo:

$ gem install *** --user-install

For example, if you want to install fake3 just use:

$ gem install fake3 --user-install

回答4:

sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods

Try this. It will definately work.

回答5:

You have to update Xcode to the newest one (v7.0.1) and everything will work as normal.

If after you install the newest Xcode and still doesn't work try to install gem in this way:

sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin GEM_NAME_HERE

For example:

sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin fakes3
sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin compass
sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin susy

回答6:

Looks like when upgrading to OS X El Capitain, the /usr/local directory is modified in multiple ways :

1. user permissions are reset (this is also a problem for people using Homebrew)
2. binaries and symlinks might have been deleted or altered

[Edit] There's also a preliminary thing to do : upgrade Xcode...

Solution for #1 :

$ sudo chown -R $(whoami):admin /usr/local

This will fix permissions on the /usr/local directory which will then help both gem install and brew install|link|... commands working properly.

Solution to #2 :

Ruby based issues

Make sure you have fixed the permissions of the /usr/local directory (see #1 above)

First try to reinstall your gem using :

sudo gem install <gemname>

Note that it will install the latest version of the specified gem.

If you don't want to face backward-compatibility issues, I suggest that you first determine which version of which gem you want to get and then reinstall it with the -v version. See an exemple below to make sure that the system won't get a new version of capistrano.

$ gem list | grep capistrano
capistrano (3.4.0, 3.2.1, 2.14.2)
$ sudo gem install capistrano -v 3.4.0

Brew based issues

Update brew and upgrade your formulas

$ brew update
$ brew upgrade

You might also need to re-link some of them manually

$ brew link <formula>

回答7:

As it have been said, the issue comes from a security function of Mac OSX since "El Capitan".

Using the default system Ruby, the install process happens in the /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0 directory which is not available to the user and gives the error.

You can have a look to your Ruby environments parameters with the command

$ gem env

There is an INSTALLATION DIRECTORY and a USER INSTALLATION DIRECTORY. To use the user installation directory instead of the default installation directory, you can use --user-install parameter instead as using sudo which is never a recommanded way of doing.

$ gem install myGemName --user-install

There should not be any rights issue anymore in the process. The gems are then installed in the user directory : ~/.gem/Ruby/2.0.0/bin

But to make the installed gems available, this directory should be available in your path. According to the Ruby’s faq, you can add the following line to your ~/.bash_profile or ~/.bashrc

if which ruby >/dev/null && which gem >/dev/null; then
    PATH="$(ruby -rubygems -e 'puts Gem.user_dir')/bin:$PATH"
fi

Then close and reload your terminal or reload your .bash_profile or .bashrc (. ~/.bash_profile)

回答8:

This is the solution that I have used:

Note: this fix is for compass as I wrote it on another SO question, but I have used the same process to restore functionality to all terminal processes, obviously the gems you are installing are different, but the process is the same.

I had the same issue. It is due to Apple implementing System Integrity Protection (SIP). You have to first disable that...

Reboot in recovery mode:

Reboot and hold Command + R until you see the apple logo.

Once booted select Utilities > Terminal from top bar.

type: csrutil disable

then type: reboot

Once rebooted

Open terminal back up and enter the commands:

sudo gem uninstall bundler

sudo gem install bundler

sudo gem install compass

sudo gem install sass

sudo gem update --system

The the individual gems that failed need to be fixed, so for each do the following:

On my machine this was the first dependency not working so I listed it:

sudo gem pristine ffi --version 1.9.3

Proceed through the list of gems that need to be repaired. In all you are looking at about 10 minutes to fix it, but you will have terminal commands for compass working.

Screenshot

回答9:

Reinstalling RVM worked for me, but I had to reinstall all of my gems afterward:

rvm implode
\curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable --ruby
rvm reload

回答10:

If the gem you are trying to install requires xml libraries, then try this:

sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin  <gem_name> -- --use-system-libraries --with-xml2-include=/usr/include/libxml2 --with-xml2-lib=/usr/lib/

Specifically, I ran into a problem while installing the nokogiri gem v 1.6.8 on OS X El Capitan

and this finally worked for me:

sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin  nokogiri -- --use-system-libraries --with-xml2-include=/usr/include/libxml2 --with-xml2-lib=/usr/lib/

To make sure you have libxml2 and libxslt installed, you can do:

brew install libxml2 libxslt
brew install libiconv

and then check to make sure you have xcode command line tools installed:

xcode-select --install 

should return this error:

xcode-select: error: command line tools are already installed, use "Software Update" to install updates

回答11:

I don't like to install stuff with sudo. once you start with sudo you can't stop..

try giving permissions to the Gems directory.

sudo chown -R $(whoami) /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0

回答12:

sudo chown -R $(whoami):admin /usr/local

That will give permissions back (Homebrew installs ruby there)

回答13:

I ran across the same issue after installing El Capitan, I tried to install sass and compass into a symfony project, the following command returned the following error:

$ sudo gem install compass

ERROR: Error installing compass: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/bin/ruby extconf.rb 

checking for ffi.h... /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/lib/ruby/2.0.0/mkmf.rb:434:in `try_do': The compiler failed to generate an executable file. (RuntimeError)

So I then tried to install sass with: $ sudo gem install sass

Got the same error message, after some googling I managed to install sass using the following command:

$ sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin sass

The above worked for me with installing sass but did not work for installing compass. I read that someone somewhere had opened an instance of xcode then closed it again, then successfully ran the same command after which worked for them. I attempted to open xcode but was prompted with a message saying that the version of xcode installed was not compatible with El Capitan. So I then updated xcode from the app store, re-ran the following command which this time ran successfully:

$ sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin compass

I was then able to run $ compass init

I now have all my gems working and can proceed to build some lovely sass stuff :)

回答14:

I had to rm -rf ./vendor then run bundle install again.