Linking to a dynamic library on a Mac with full pa

问题:

I am linking a (Python extension) library that embeds the Matlab engine with the following command (generated using cmake)

c++ -mmacosx-version-min=10.6 -bundle -headerpad_max_install_names  -o library.so library.o /Applications/MATLAB_R2009b.app/bin/maci64/libeng.dylib /Applications/MATLAB_R2009b.app/bin/maci64/libmx.dylib -framework Python

resulting in

$ otool -L library.so
library.so:
    @loader_path/libeng.dylib (compatibility version 0.0.0, current version 0.0.0)
    @loader_path/libmx.dylib (compatibility version 0.0.0, current version 0.0.0)
    /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/Python (compatibility version 2.6.0, current version 2.6.1)
    /opt/local/lib/gcc44/libstdc++.6.dylib (compatibility version 7.0.0, current version 7.13.0)
    /opt/local/lib/gcc44/libgcc_s.1.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
    /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 125.0.0)

However, when I try to use the library, I get an error message:

ImportError: dlopen(./library.so, 2): Library not loaded: @loader_path/libmex.dylib
  Referenced from: ./library.so
  Reason: image not found

I believe the problem stems from the fact that the linker includes the matlab dylib files in the form @loader_path/libeng.dylib rather than using the full path, even though I give the full path to g++. How can I force the linker to use the full path?

I know one solution is to use

export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/Applications/MATLAB_R2009b.app/bin/maci64:$DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH

which is where those library files reside, but I'd like to avoid that as it causes some other problems.

回答1:

Manually changing the files using install_name_tool

install_name_tool -change "@loader_path/libeng.dylib" "/Applications/MATLAB_R2009b.app/bin/maci64/libeng.dylib" library.so 
install_name_tool -change "@loader_path/libmx.dylib" "/Applications/MATLAB_R2009b.app/bin/maci64/libmx.dylib" library.so 

I could use this as a temporary fix, but I wonder if there isn't a better solution where the linker is given a setting to use the full paths.

回答2:

Note that some of the problems with DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH can be prevented by using DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH instead. This will only be used if the lib cannot be found in the default paths.

回答3:

Look into the -rpath option to the ld command to control this. You might also be interested in the contents of https://github.com/bimargulies/jni-origin-testbed, which is a demonstration of some relevant technology.

The critical technique here is:

install_name_tool -change libsl2.so "@loader_path/libsl2.so" libsl1.so

回答4:

You can also use symbolic link !