Scala - how to print case classes like (pretty pri

问题:

I'm making a parser with Scala Combinators. It is awesome. What I end up with is a long list of entagled case classes, like: ClassDecl(Complex,List(VarDecl(Real,float), VarDecl(Imag,float))), just 100x longer. I was wondering if there is a good way to print case classes like these in a tree-like fashion so that it's easier to read..? (or some other form of Pretty Print)

ClassDecl
  name = Complex
  fields =
  - VarDecl
      name = Real
      type = float
  - VarDecl
      name = Imag
      type = float

^ I want to end up with something like this

edit: Bonus question

Is there also a way to show the name of the parameter..? Like: ClassDecl(name=Complex, fields=List( ... ) ?

回答1:

Check out a small extensions library named sext. It exports these two functions exactly for purposes like that.

Here's how it can be used for your example:

object Demo extends App {

  import sext._

  case class ClassDecl( kind : Kind, list : List[ VarDecl ] )
  sealed trait Kind
  case object Complex extends Kind
  case class VarDecl( a : Int, b : String )


  val data = ClassDecl(Complex,List(VarDecl(1, "abcd"), VarDecl(2, "efgh")))
  println("treeString output:\n")
  println(data.treeString)
  println()
  println("valueTreeString output:\n")
  println(data.valueTreeString)

}

Following is the output of this program:

treeString output:

ClassDecl:
- Complex
- List:
| - VarDecl:
| | - 1
| | - abcd
| - VarDecl:
| | - 2
| | - efgh

valueTreeString output:

- kind:
- list:
| - - a:
| | | 1
| | - b:
| | | abcd
| - - a:
| | | 2
| | - b:
| | | efgh

回答2:

Just like parser combinators, Scala already contains pretty printer combinators in the standard library. You are not saying it plainly in your question if you need the solution that does "reflection" or you'd like to build the printer explicitly. (though your "bonus question" hints you probably want "reflective" solution)

Anyway, in the case you'd like to develop simple pretty printer using plain Scala library, here it is. The following code is REPLable.

case class VarDecl(name: String, `type`: String)
case class ClassDecl(name: String, fields: List[VarDecl])

import scala.text._
import Document._

def varDoc(x: VarDecl) =
  nest(4, text("- VarDecl") :/:
    group("name = " :: text(x.name)) :/:
    group("type = " :: text(x.`type`))
  )

def classDoc(x: ClassDecl) = {
  val docs = ((empty:Document) /: x.fields) { (d, f) => varDoc(f) :/: d }
  nest(2, text("ClassDecl") :/:
    group("name = " :: text(x.name)) :/:
    group("fields =" :/: docs))
}

def prettyPrint(d: Document) = {
  val writer = new java.io.StringWriter
  d.format(1, writer)
  writer.toString
}

prettyPrint(classDoc(
  ClassDecl("Complex", VarDecl("Real","float") :: VarDecl("Imag","float") :: Nil)
))

Bonus question: wrap the printers into type classes for even greater composability.

回答3:

Use the com.lihaoyi.pprint library.

libraryDependencies += "com.lihaoyi" %% "pprint" % "0.4.1"

val data = ...

val str = pprint.tokenize(data).mkString
println(str)

you can also configure width, height, indent and colors:

pprint.tokenize(data, width = 80).mkString

Docs: http://www.lihaoyi.com/PPrint/

回答4:

The nicest, most concise "out-of-the" box experience I've found is with the Kiama pretty printing library. It doesn't print member names without using additional combinators, but with only import org.kiama.output.PrettyPrinter._; pretty(any(data)) you have a great start:

case class ClassDecl( kind : Kind, list : List[ VarDecl ] )
sealed trait Kind
case object Complex extends Kind
case class VarDecl( a : Int, b : String )

val data = ClassDecl(Complex,List(VarDecl(1, "abcd"), VarDecl(2, "efgh")))
import org.kiama.output.PrettyPrinter._

// `w` is the wrapping width. `1` forces wrapping all components.
pretty(any(data), w=1)

Produces:

ClassDecl (
    Complex (),
    List (
        VarDecl (
            1,
            "abcd"),
        VarDecl (
            2,
            "efgh")))

Note that this is just the most basic example. Kiama PrettyPrinter is an extremely powerful library with a rich set of combinators specifically designed for intelligent spacing, line wrapping, nesting, and grouping. It's very easy to tweak to suit your needs. As of this posting, it's available in SBT with:

libraryDependencies += "com.googlecode.kiama" %% "kiama" % "1.8.0"

回答5:

import java.lang.reflect.Field
...

/**
  * Pretty prints case classes with field names.
  * Handles sequences and arrays of such values.
  * Ideally, one could take the output and paste it into source code and have it compile.
  */
def prettyPrint(a: Any): String = {
  // Recursively get all the fields; this will grab vals declared in parents of case classes.
  def getFields(cls: Class[_]): List[Field] =
    Option(cls.getSuperclass).map(getFields).getOrElse(Nil) ++
        cls.getDeclaredFields.toList.filterNot(f =>
          f.isSynthetic || java.lang.reflect.Modifier.isStatic(f.getModifiers))
  a match {
    // Make Strings look similar to their literal form.
    case s: String =>
      '"' + Seq("\n" -> "\\n", "\r" -> "\\r", "\t" -> "\\t", "\"" -> "\\\"", "\\" -> "\\\\").foldLeft(s) {
        case (acc, (c, r)) => acc.replace(c, r) } + '"'
    case xs: Seq[_] =>
      xs.map(prettyPrint).toString
    case xs: Array[_] =>
      s"Array(${xs.map(prettyPrint) mkString ", "})"
    // This covers case classes.
    case p: Product =>
      s"${p.productPrefix}(${
        (getFields(p.getClass) map { f =>
          f setAccessible true
          s"${f.getName} = ${prettyPrint(f.get(p))}"
        }) mkString ", "
      })"
    // General objects and primitives end up here.
    case q =>
      Option(q).map(_.toString).getOrElse("¡null!")
  }
}

回答6:

Using reflection

import scala.reflect.ClassTag
import scala.reflect.runtime.universe._

object CaseClassBeautifier  {
  def getCaseAccessors[T: TypeTag] = typeOf[T].members.collect {
    case m: MethodSymbol if m.isCaseAccessor => m
  }.toList

  def nice[T:TypeTag](x: T)(implicit classTag: ClassTag[T]) : String = {
    val instance = x.asInstanceOf[T]
    val mirror = runtimeMirror(instance.getClass.getClassLoader)
    val accessors = getCaseAccessors[T]
    var res = List.empty[String]
    accessors.foreach { z ⇒
      val instanceMirror = mirror.reflect(instance)
      val fieldMirror = instanceMirror.reflectField(z.asTerm)
      val s = s"${z.name} = ${fieldMirror.get}"
      res = s :: res
    }
    val beautified = x.getClass.getSimpleName + "(" + res.mkString(", ") + ")"
    beautified
  }
}