Singleton with parameter in Kotlin

问题:

I am trying to convert an Android app from Java to Kotlin. There are a few singletons in the app. I used a companion object for the singletons without constructor parameters. There is another singleton that takes a constructor parameter.

Java code:

public class TasksLocalDataSource implements TasksDataSource {

    private static TasksLocalDataSource INSTANCE;

    private TasksDbHelper mDbHelper;

    // Prevent direct instantiation.
    private TasksLocalDataSource(@NonNull Context context) {
        checkNotNull(context);
        mDbHelper = new TasksDbHelper(context);
    }

    public static TasksLocalDataSource getInstance(@NonNull Context context) {
        if (INSTANCE == null) {
            INSTANCE = new TasksLocalDataSource(context);
        }
        return INSTANCE;
    }
}

My solution in kotlin:

class TasksLocalDataSource private constructor(context: Context) : TasksDataSource {

    private val mDbHelper: TasksDbHelper

    init {
        checkNotNull(context)
        mDbHelper = TasksDbHelper(context)
    }

    companion object {
        lateinit var INSTANCE: TasksLocalDataSource
        private val initialized = AtomicBoolean()

        fun getInstance(context: Context) : TasksLocalDataSource {
            if(initialized.getAndSet(true)) {
                INSTANCE = TasksLocalDataSource(context)
            }
            return INSTANCE
        }
    }
}

Am I missing anything? Thread safety? Laziness ?

There were a few similar questions but I don't like the answers :)

回答1:

Here's a neat alternative from Google's architecture components sample code, which uses the also function:

class UsersDatabase : RoomDatabase() {

    companion object {

        @Volatile private var INSTANCE: UsersDatabase? = null

        fun getInstance(context: Context): UsersDatabase =
            INSTANCE ?: synchronized(this) {
                INSTANCE ?: buildDatabase(context).also { INSTANCE = it }
            }

        private fun buildDatabase(context: Context) =
            Room.databaseBuilder(context.applicationContext,
                    UsersDatabase::class.java, "Sample.db")
                    .build()
    }
}

回答2:

I am not entirely sure why would you need such code, but here is my best shot at it:

class TasksLocalDataSource private constructor(context: Context) : TasksDataSource {
    private val mDbHelper = TasksDbHelper(context)

    companion object {
        private var instance : TasksLocalDataSource? = null

        fun  getInstance(context: Context): TasksLocalDataSource {
            if (instance == null)  // NOT thread safe!
                instance = TasksLocalDataSource(context)

            return instance!!
        }
    }
}

This is similar to what you wrote, and has the same API.

A few notes:

• Do not use lateinit here. It has a different purpose, and a nullable variable is ideal here.

• What does checkNotNull(context) do? context is never null here, this is guarantied by Kotlin. All checks and asserts are already implemented by the compiler.

UPDATE:

If all you need is a lazily initialised instance of class TasksLocalDataSource, then just use a bunch of lazy properties (inside an object or on the package level):

val context = ....

val dataSource by lazy {
    TasksLocalDataSource(context)
}

回答3:

if you want to pass a parameter to the singleton in an easier way I think this is better and shorter

object SingletonConfig {

private var retrofit: Retrofit? = null
private const val URL_BASE = "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/"

fun Service(context: Context): Retrofit? {
    if (retrofit == null) {
        retrofit = Retrofit.Builder().baseUrl(URL_BASE)
                .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
                .build()
    }
    return retrofit
}

}

and you call it in this easy way

val api = SingletonConfig.Service(this)?.create(Api::class.java)

回答4:

You can declare a Kotlin object, overloading "invoke" operator.

object TasksLocalDataSource: TasksDataSource {
    private lateinit var mDbHelper: TasksDbHelper

    operator fun invoke(context: Context): TasksLocalDataSource {
        this.mDbHelper = TasksDbHelper(context)
        return this
    }
}

Anyway I think that you should inject TasksDbHelper to TasksLocalDataSource instead of inject Context

回答5:

• Thread-Safe Solution - Maximum Simplicity in usage

You can create a class which implements the logic of singleton and holds the singleton instance. It instantiates the instance using double check locking in a synchronized block to eliminate possibility of race condition in multi-thread environments.

Singleton.kt

open class Singleton<out T, in A>(private val constructor: (A) -> T) {

    @Volatile
    private var instance: T? = null

    fun getInstance(arg: A): T {
        return when {
            instance != null -> instance!!
            else -> synchronized(this) {
                if (instance == null) instance = constructor(arg)
                instance!!
            }
        }
    }
}

.

• Usage

Simply in target class that should be singleton, write a companion object which extends above class. Singleton class is generic and accepts the types of target class and its needed parameter as generic params. It also needs a reference to the constructor of target class that is used for instantiating:

class TasksLocalDataSource private constructor(context: Context) : TasksDataSource {

    ...

    companion object : Singleton<TasksLocalDataSource, Context>(::TasksLocalDataSource)
}

回答6:

If the only parameter you need is the application Context, then you can initialize it to a top level val, early in a ContentProvider, like the Firebase SDK does.

Since declaring a ContentProvider is a bit cumbersome, I made a library that provides a top level property named appCtx for all places where you don't need an Activity or other special lifecycle bound context.

回答7:

solution with lazy

class LateInitLazy<T>(private var initializer: (() -> T)? = null) {

    val lazy = lazy { checkNotNull(initializer) { "lazy not initialized" }() }

    fun initOnce(factory: () -> T) {
        initializer = factory
        lazy.value
        initializer = null
    }
}

val myProxy = LateInitLazy<String>()
val myValue by myProxy.lazy

println(myValue) // error: java.lang.IllegalStateException: lazy not inited

myProxy.initOnce { "Hello World" }
println(myValue) // OK: output Hello World

myProxy.initOnce { "Never changed" } // no effect
println(myValue) // OK: output Hello World

回答8:

Singletons

Singletons are used often enough for a simpler way of creating them to exist. Instead of the usual static instance, getInstance() method and a private constructor, Kotlin uses the object notation. For consistency, object notation is also used to define static methods.

 object CommonApiConfig {
private var commonApiConfig: CommonApiConfig? = null
fun getInstance(): CommonApiConfig {
    if (null == commonApiConfig) {
        commonApiConfig = CommonApiConfig
       }
    return CommonApiConfig.commonApiConfig!!
   }
}